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ACTINAC® Hoechst Marion Roussel Chloramphenicol – Hydrocortisone Acetate – Butoxyethylnicotinate – Allantoin – Precipitated Sulfur Acne Therapy Action And Clinical Pharmacology: The roles of the individual ingredients in Actinac and their collective mechanisms of action in the topical treatment of acne have not been elucidated. Hydrocortisone, chloramphenicol and precipitated sulfur are however, widely recognized for their respective anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and desquamating properties. Chloramphenicol is usually bacteriostatic in action, but may…

ACTIVASE® rt-PA Roche Alteplase Fibrinolytic Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Alteplase is a serine protease which has the property of fibrin-enhanced conversion of plasminogen to plasmin. It produces minimal conversion of plasminogen in the absence of fibrin; and when introduced into the systemic circulation, alteplase binds to fibrin in a thrombus and converts the entrapped plasminogen to plasmin. This initiates local fibrinolysis with minimal systemic effects. Following administration of alteplase…

ACULAR® Allergan Ketorolac Tromethamine Topical Anti-inflammatory Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Ketorolac is a nonsteroidal, anti-inflammatory agent demonstrating analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity. At concentrations of 0.02 to 0.5%, ketorolac solution did not irritate the eyes of rats, dogs and monkeys. Up to 4% concentrations were nonirritating in albino rabbits. Ketorolac has demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity when applied topically in several animal models of ocular inflammation. The compound significantly inhibited the inflammatory response…

ACYCLOVIR SODIUM FOR INJECTION Novopharm Antiviral Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Acyclovir, a synthetic acyclic purine nucleoside analog, is a substrate with a high degree of specificity for herpes simplex and varicella-zoster-specified thymidine kinase. Acyclovir is a poor substrate for host cell-specified thymidine kinase. Herpes simplex and varicella-zoster-specified thymidine kinase transform acyclovir to its monophosphate which is then transformed by a number of cellular enzymes to acyclovir diphosphate and acyclovir triphosphate….

ACEL-P™ Wyeth-Ayerst Acellular Pertussis Vaccine Adsorbed Active Immunizing Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Pertussis disease (whooping cough) is caused by a gram-negative coccobacillus, B. pertussis. Acellular pertussis vaccine adsorbed is an acellular pertussis vaccine indicated for primary immunization against disease caused by B. pertussis. Pertussis (whooping cough) has 3 typical stages (catarrhal, paroxysmal, and convalescent). The second phase is characterized by severe paroxysmal coughing that persists for weeks. The disease…

  ACNOMEL® Chattem Resorcinol – Sulfur Compound Acne Therapy Indications And Clinical Uses: Treatment of acne: basic topical medication for acne. The tinted cream may be used by patients who desire a medicated preparation to mask lesions. Contra-Indications: Should not be applied to diffuse, acutely inflamed areas. Keep out of eyes and off eyelids. Precautions: Moderate erythema and scaling are normal and expected results of therapy. However, should these reactions…

Act-HIB® Connaught Haemophilus b Conjugate Vaccine (Tetanus Protein – Conjugate) Active Immunizing Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Clinical Data (PRP-T): Haemophilus b Conjugate Vaccine has been administered during clinical trials to over 110 000 infants and children in Canada, the U.S., Finland, France, Chile, Israel, and the United Kingdom using local immunization schedules, and has been used widely in immunization programmes. In clinical trials where 921 infants were given the…

ACCUTANE™ ROCHE® Roche Isotretinoin Acne Therapy Action And Clinical Pharmacology: The mechanism of action of isotretinoin is unknown. Vitamin A is important for functional integrity of the skin and is known to affect the keratinization process. In acne patients, improvement occurs in association with a reduction in sebum secretion. The decrease in sebum secretion is temporary and is related to either the dose or duration of isotretinoin administration and reflects…

ACE INHIBITORS General Monograph, Benazepril Captopril Cilazapril Enalapril Enalaprilat Fosinopril Lisinopril Perindopril Quinapril Ramipril Trandolapril Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor, Action And Clinical Pharmacology: The renin-angiotensin system is a complex neuroendocrine system involved in the regulation of hemodynamics and water and electrolyte balance. When released from the kidney in response to a decrease in blood volume, renal perfusion pressure or plasma sodium concentration, renin acts on its substrate, angiotensinogen, to form…

ABBOKINASE® OPEN-CATH® Abbott Urokinase Fibrinolytic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Urokinase acts on the endogenous fibrinolytic system. It converts plasminogen to the enzyme plasmin. Plasmin degrades fibrin clots as well as fibrinogen. When used as directed for i.v. catheter clearance only small amounts of urokinase may reach the circulation; therefore, therapeutic serum levels are not expected to be achieved. Nevertheless, one should be aware of the clinical pharmacology of urokinase. I.V….