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ABBOKINASE® Abbott Urokinase Fibrinolytic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Urokinase acts on the endogenous fibrinolytic system. It converts plasminogen to the enzyme plasmin. Plasmin degrades fibrin clots as well as fibrinogen. I.V. infusion of urokinase in doses recommended for lysis of pulmonary embolism is followed by increased fibrinolytic activity. This effect disappears within a few hours after discontinuation, but a decrease in plasma levels of fibrinogen and plasminogen and an increase…

ABENOL® SmithKline Beecham Acetaminophen Analgesic – Antipyretic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Acetaminophen is the major metabolite of phenacetin and acetanilide. Animal and clinical studies have shown acetaminophen to have antipyretic and analgesic activity equal to that of ASA. Acetaminophen lacks anti-inflammatory effects. Unlike the salicylates, acetaminophen does not interfere with tubular secretion of uric acid nor does it affect acid-base balance if taken in therapeutic doses. Acetaminophen does not interfere…

ACCOLATE® Zeneca Zafirlukast Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Zafirlukast is a selective and competitive receptor antagonist of leukotriene D4 and E4 (LTD4 and LTE4), components of slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRSA). Cysteinyl leukotriene production and receptor occupation have been correlated with the pathophysiology of asthma, including airway edema, smooth muscle constriction, and altered cellular activity associated with the inflammatory process, which contribute to the signs and symptoms of…

Introduction Avlosulfon (Dapsone) is an oral medication used to treat a certain type of skin disorder (dermatitis herpetiformis). As an anti-infective medicine, it can sometimes be used for other purposes. Indications And Clinical Uses Leprosy; Dermatitis herpetiformis; Actinomycotic mycetoma. Contraindications Sulfones are contraindicated in patients with advanced amyloidosis of the kidneys. Precautions Dapsone should be used with caution in patients with cardiac, pulmonary, hepatic or renal disease. Routine hematologic analysis should…

AXID® Lilly Nizatidine Histamine H2 Receptor Antagonist Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Nizatidine is a competitive, reversible inhibitor of the histamine H2 receptor of gastric-acid secreting cells. Nizatidine is not an anticholinergic agent. It inhibits nocturnal gastric-acid secretion and gastric-acid secretion stimulated by food, caffeine, betazole and pentagastrin. Pepsin output is reduced in proportion to the reduced volume of gastric secretions. Nizatidine has little or no effect on basal serum gastrin…

AZMACORT® Rhône-Poulenc Rorer Triamcinolone Acetonide Corticosteroid Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Triamcinolone is a potent anti-inflammatory steroid with strong topical and weak systemic activity. When inhaled at therapeutic dosages, it has a direct anti-inflammatory action on the bronchial mucosa. Since the minute amounts absorbed do not exert any significant systemic effect, inhaled triamcinolone can replace oral steroids with the elimination of the untoward effects of systemic therapy. Indications And Clinical Uses:…

AVC® Hoechst Marion Roussel Sulfanilamide Vaginitis Therapy Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Sulfanilamide has been an ingredient of vaginal formulations for about four decades. It blocks certain metabolic processes essential for the growth of susceptible bacteria. AVC Cream is buffered to the pH of the normal healthy vagina (approximately 4.3) to encourage the presence of normally occurring DSderlein bacilli of the vagina. Indications And Clinical Uses: For the treatment of vulvovaginitis…

AVIRAX™ Fabrigen Acyclovir Antiviral Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Acyclovir, a synthetic acyclic nucleoside analog, is a substrate with a high degree of specificity for herpes simplex and varicella-zoster specified thymidine kinase. Acyclovir is a poor substrate for host cell-specified thymidine kinase. Herpes simplex and varicella-zoster specified thymidine kinase transform acyclovir to its monophosphate which is then transformed by a number of cellular enzymes to acyclovir diphosphate and acyclovir triphosphate. Acyclovir…

AVENTYL® Lilly Nortriptyline HCl Antidepressant Action And Clinical Pharmacology: The mechanism of mood elevation of tricyclic antidepressants is at present unknown. Nortriptyline is not an MAO inhibitor. It inhibits the activity of such diverse agents as histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and acetylcholine. It increases the pressor effect of norepinephrine but blocks the pressor response of phenethylamine. Studies suggest that nortriptyline interferes with the transport, release, and storage of catecholamines. Indications And Clinical…

ATROVENT® Inhalation Aerosol Boehringer Ingelheim Ipratropium Bromide Bronchodilator Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Ipratropium, a quaternary ammonium derivative of atropine is an anticholinergic drug having bronchodilator properties. On inhalation the onset of action is noted within 5 to 15 minutes with a peak response between 1 and 2 hours, lasting about 2 additional hours with subsequent decline. An inhaled dose of 40 g induces bronchodilator effect lasting for some 6 hours….