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NOVO-VALPROIC Novopharm Valproic Acid Anticonvulsant Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Although not yet established, the mechanism of valproic acid’s anticonvulsant activity may be related to increased brain concentrations of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). The effect of the drug on the neuronal membrane is unknown. Valproic acid is rapidly absorbed after oral administration, with peak serum levels occurring approximately 1 to 4 hours after a single oral dose. The half-life of valproic acid…

NOVOLIN®GE Preparations Novo Nordisk Insulin Human (Biosynthetic) Antidiabetic Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Novolin®ge Biosynthetic Human Insulin is a polypeptide structurally identical to natural human insulin. Novolin®ge is produced by recombinant DNA technology, using Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker’s yeast). The content of immunoreactive peptides derived from the used microorganism (yeast) is undetectable (less than 1 ppm by weight of the dry insulin) as determined by enzyme linked immunoabsorbent assay. When administered…

NOROXIN® Ophthalmic Solution MSD Norfloxacin Antibacterial Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Norfloxacin ophthalmic solution is a fluoroquinolone carboxylic acid antibacterial agent for ocular administration. Norfloxacin inhibits bacterial deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis and is bactericidal. At the molecular level 3 specific actions have been attributed to norfloxacin in the inhibition of E. coli cells: inhibition of the ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling reaction catalyzed by DNA gyrase, inhibition of the relaxation of supercoiled DNA and…

NOROXIN® MSD Norfloxacin Antibacterial Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Norfloxacin inhibits bacterial deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis and is bactericidal. At the molecular level 3 specific actions have been attributed to norfloxacin in the inhibition of E. coli cells: inhibition of the ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling reaction catalyzed by DNA gyrase, inhibition of the relaxation of supercoiled DNA, promotion of double-stranded DNA breakage. Pharmacokinetics: Mean peak serum concentrations were 0.8 and 1.5 mg/L…

NILSTAT® Technilab Nystatin Antifungal Antibiotic Indications And Clinical Uses: Oral Drops: Monilial infections of the mouth (thrush) and intestinal moniliasis in infants and children. Oral Tablets: Prevention and treatment of intestinal moniliasis. Prevention or treatment of lower intestinal and anal infections caused by Candida albicans (monilia). Powder: For the treatment of infections of the oral cavity by C. albicans (monilia). Cream and Ointment: Treatment of cutaneous or mucocutaneous mycotic infections…

MUTAMYCIN® Bristol Mitomycin Antineoplastic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Mitomycin was investigated at first as an antibiotic in Japan. It was then found to be active as an antineoplastic agent. It selectively inhibits the synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). The exact point of mitomycin attachment to DNA remains unknown. At high concentrations of the drug, cellular RNA and protein synthesis are also suppressed. Mitomycin is rapidly cleared from the plasma after…

MSD® ENTERIC COATED ASA Johnson & Johnson Merck ASA Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory – Analgesic – Platelet Aggregation Inhibitor Action And Clinical Pharmacology: ASA has analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory properties. In rheumatic diseases, although the analgesic and antipyretic effects are useful, the major purpose for which ASA is used is to reduce the intensity of the inflammatory process. Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis may be involved in the anti-inflammatory action of ASA. ASA…

MoRu-Viraten BERNA™ Berna Products Measles and Rubella Virus Vaccine, Live, Attenuated Active Immunizing Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: MoRu-Viraten Berna is a live virus vaccine for immunization against measles (rubeola) and rubella (German measles). A single dose of MoRu-Viraten Berna vaccine was administered to 26 children, 15 months to 9 years of age, who were seronegative [a rubella hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) titer of 256). The viral vaccine strains that comprise MoRu-Viraten…

MONOPRIL™ Bristol-Myers Squibb Fosinopril Sodium Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Fosinopril is an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor which is used in the treatment of mild to moderate essential hypertension and in the management of symptomatic congestive heart failure. Following oral administration, fosinopril is rapidly hydrolyzed to fosinoprilat, its principal active metabolite. ACE is a peptidyl dipeptidase that catalyzes the conversion of angiotensin I to the vasoconstrictor…

MICROLAX® Pharmacia & Upjohn Micro-Enema Indications And Clinical Uses: Rectal constipation; or, as directed by a physician, to facilitate rectoscopic or sigmoidoscopic examination. Adverse Reactions: No severe reactions have been reported. Very occasionally slight cramps or tenesmus may occur. Dosage: Adults and children: the contents of 1 tube (5 mL) administered rectally but a second tube may be needed in severe cases; children under 3 years, insert only half the…