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LANOXIN® Glaxo Wellcome Digoxin Cardiotonic Glycoside Action And Clinical Pharmacology: The influence of digitalis glycosides on the myocardium is dose related, and involves both direct action on cardiac muscle and the specialized conduction system, and indirect actions on cardiovascular system mediated by the autonomic nervous system. The indirect actions mediated by the autonomic nervous system involve a vagomimetic action, which is responsible for the effects of digitalis on the sinoatrial…

ISOCAL® Mead Johnson Therapeutic Nutrient Indications And Clinical Uses: Nutritionally complete and well-balanced to provide the total dietary needs of most tube-fed patients. Precautions: Give additional water as needed to meet the patient’s requirements. Particular attention should be given to water supply for comatose and unconscious patients and others who cannot express the usual sensations of thirst. Additional water is important also when renal concentrating ability is impaired, when there…

ISOCAL® HN Mead Johnson Therapeutic Nutrient Indications And Clinical Uses: A complete liquid diet formulated to provide well balanced nutrition when used as the sole source of nourishment, particularly in tube fed patients who have normal digestive function. The non-protein-calorie-to-nitrogen ratio of Isocal HN is indicated for patients with burns, sepsis, major injury and surgery. When protein needs are increased with increasing levels of stress; e.g., protein requirement for basic…

IRON SALTS General Monograph Anemia Therapy Pharmacology: Iron is an important component of a number of enzymes necessary for energy transfer. It is also present in hemoglobin and myoglobin and is important in the metabolism of catecholamines and the functioning of neutrophils. Administration of iron preparations corrects erythropoietic abnormalities which are due to deficiency of iron. Iron does not stimulate erythropoiesis nor does it correct hemoglobin disturbances not caused by…

INDOCID® P.D.A. MSD Indomethacin Sodium Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Agent for Closure of Patent Ductus Arteriosus Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Indomethacin is a nonsteroidal, anti-inflammatory agent which inhibits prostaglandin synthesis. The disposition of indomethacin following i.v. administration (0.2 mg/kg) in preterm neonates with patent ductus arteriosus has not been extensively evaluated. Even though the plasma half-life of indomethacin was variable among premature infants, it was shown to vary inversely with postnatal age…

IDAMYCIN® Pharmacia & Upjohn Idarubicin HCl Antineoplastic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Idarubicin, either as a single agent or in combination, has been shown to be a potent antileukemic agent capable of inducing complete remission in previously untreated and in relapsed and refractory acute non-lymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) including resistant patients, and in adult and pediatric relapsed patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Idarubicin is a DNA-intercalating analog of daunorubicin which has…

HUMULIN® Lilly Insulin, Human Biosynthetic Antidiabetic Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Humulin is a polypeptide hormone consisting of a 21 amino acid A-chain and a 30 amino acid B-chain linked by two disulfide bonds. Humulin is found to be chemically, physically, biologically and immunologically equivalent to pancreatic human insulin which differs slightly from porcine or bovine insulin in amino acid composition. Studies indicate immunogenicity problems with biosynthetic human insulin (BHI)…

HUMALOG™ Lilly Insulin Lispro Antidiabetic Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Insulin lispro is a rapid-acting analogue of human insulin. Due to its quick onset of action, insulin lispro should be given within 15 minutes of a meal. Insulin lispro is created by inverting the natural Pro-Lys sequence in human insulin at positions 28 and 29 in the C terminal portion of the B-chain. This change in amino acid sequence slightly…

HUMATIN™ Parke-Davis Paromomycin Sulfate Antibiotic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Paromomycin is a broad spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotic produced by S. rimosus var. paromomycinus. The drug is structurally related to neomycin, streptomycin and kanamycin. It is poorly absorbed after oral administration with almost 100% of the drug recoverable in the stool. Paromomycin is considered a luminal or contact amebicide since it acts principally in the intestinal lumen. Unlike tetracyclines, paromomycin is a…

HALCION® Pharmacia & Upjohn Triazolam Hypnotic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Triazolam is a benzodiazepine hypnotic with a very short elimination half-life (about 3 hours). In sleep laboratory studies of 1 to 21 days duration, triazolam significantly decreased sleep latency, increased duration of sleep and decreased the number of nocturnal awakenings. However, after 2 weeks of consecutive nightly administration, the drug’s effect on total wake time was decreased, and the values…