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PRAVACHOL® Squibb Pravastatin Sodium Lipid Metabolism Regulator Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Pravastatin is one of a new class of lipid-lowering compounds known as HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) that reduce cholesterol biosynthesis. These agents are competitive inhibitors of 3-hydroxy- 3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, the enzyme catalyzing the early rate-limiting step in cholesterol biosynthesis, conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate. Pravastatin is isolated from a strain of Penicillium citrinum. The active drug substance…

POTASSIUM SALTS General Monograph, Potassium Replacement Therapy Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Potassium is the principal intracellular ion of body tissues. Potassium ions are involved in a number of essential physiological processes, such as the maintenance of intracellular acid-base balance and tonicity. Other functions include the transmission of nerve impulses, contraction of cardiac, skeletal and smooth muscle, gastric secretion, normal renal function, tissue synthesis and carbohydrate metabolism. Hypokalemia: Potassium depletion may…

PONDOCILLIN® Leo Pivampicillin Antibiotic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Pivampicillin is the pivaloyloxymethyl ester of (the semi-synthetic penicillin) ampicillin. It is an inactive pro-drug, which is converted during its absorption from the gastrointestinal tract to the microbiologically active ampicillin, together with formaldehyde and pivalic acid, by non-specific esterases present in most body tissues. Amounts in excess of 99% of the pivampicillin absorbed are converted to ampicillin within 15 minutes of absorption….

POLYCITRA-K® Alza Potassium Citrate Potassium Supplement Indications And Clinical Uses: Pleasant tasting, sugar-free, oral potassium citrate supplement. In the treatment or prevention of hypokalemia, treatment of digitalis intoxication, and for the treatment of potassium replacement and electrolyte recharge. Contra-Indications: Ventricular fibrillation, hyperkalemia of various etiologies, in association with Addison’s disease, suprarenal hyperplasia associated with a loss of salt, extensive tissue deterioration such as severe burns, acute dehydration and heat cramps….

PLATINOL®-AQ Bristol Cisplatin Antineoplastic Caution: Cisplatin is a potent drug and should be used only by physicians experienced with cancer chemotherapeutic drugs (see Warnings and Precautions). Blood counts as well as renal and hepatic function tests should be taken regularly. Discontinue the drug if abnormal depression of bone marrow or abnormal renal or hepatic function is seen. Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Cisplatin has biochemical properties similar to those of bifunctional…

PLASBUMIN®-5 Bayer Albumin (Human) Plasma Substitute/Blood Derivative Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Albumin (human) 5% is oncotically equivalent volume for volume to normal human plasma. When administered i.v. to an adequately hydrated subject, the oncotic (colloid osmotic) effect of Albumin (Human) 5% is to expand the circulating blood volume by an amount approximately equal to the volume infused. It is primarily used in the treatment of shock associated with hemorrhage, surgery,…

PLASBUMIN®-25 Bayer Albumin (Human) Plasma Substitute/Blood Derivative Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Each 20 mL vial of albumin (human) 25% supplies the oncotic equivalent of approximately 100 mL citrated plasma; 50 mL supplies the oncotic equivalent of approximately 250 mL citrated plasma. When administered i.v. to an adequately hydrated subject, the oncotic (colloid osmotic) effect of 20 mL albumin (human) 25% is such that it will draw approximately a further 70…

PARAPLATIN-AQ Bristol Carboplatin Antineoplastic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Carboplatin has biochemical properties similar to that of cisplatin, thus producing predominantly interstrand DNA crosslinks. In patients with creatinine clearances of 60 mL/min or greater given carboplatin at doses of 300 to 500 mg/m the plasma concentrations of carboplatin decay in a biphasic manner with mean alpha and beta half-lives of 1.6 h and 3 h, respectively. The total body clearance, apparent…

PROSTIN® VR Pharmacia & Upjohn Alprostadil Prostaglandin Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Alprostadil (also known as prostaglandin E1) relaxes the ductus arteriosus in early postnatal life and supports its patency when continuously infused i.v. or intra-arterially in neonates with congenital heart defects who depend on a patent ductus for survival. The desired pharmacological effects are obtained with an initial dosage of 0.1 µg/kg/minute. Higher doses do not offer added benefit. Postnatally…

PROPYL-THYRACIL® Frosst Propylthiouracil Hyperthyroidism Therapy Indications And Clinical Uses: The medical management of hyperthyroidism. The treatment of thyrotoxicosis prior to surgery. In conjunction with radioiodine to hasten recovery while awaiting the effects of radiation. The management of thyroid storm in addition to other therapeutic measures. Contra-Indications: Lactation. Hypersensitivity or idiosyncratic reaction to propylthiouracil. Manufacturers’ Warnings In Clinical States: Pregnancy: Propylthiouracil readily crosses the placenta and can cause goiter or cretinism…