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ETHAMBUTOL HCl General Monograph Antimycobacterial Pharmacology: Ethambutol is a bacteriostatic agent which diffuses into actively growing mycobacterium cells such as tubercle bacilli, where it inhibits the synthesis of one or more essential metabolites, causing impairment of cell metabolism, arrest of multiplication, and cell death. It is active in vitro against strains of M. tuberculosis and other Mycobacterium species, but not other bacteria, fungi or viruses. Resistance develops rapidly if ethambutol…

ESTRACOMB® Novartis Pharmaceuticals Estradiol-17b – Norethindrone Acetate – Estradiol-17b Estrogen – Progestin Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Estracomb is designed to provide continuous estrogen and sequential progestin therapy, in a 28-day treatment cycle, for women with an intact uterus. Estracomb contains 2 types of transdermal therapeutic systems, Estraderm 50 (10 cm and Estragest 250/50 (20 cm. Estraderm 50 contains estradiol-17b and Estragest 250/50 contains norethindrone acetate (NETA) and estradiol-17b, respectively. Both…

ESTRACE® Roberts Estradiol-17b (micronized) Estrogen Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Estrogens are secreted mainly by the gonads and, to a very small amount, by the adrenals. In addition, they are formed, to an important degree, from peripheral conversion of adrenal and gonadal androgens to estrogens. They circulate in both unconjugated and conjugated forms in the blood, with the unconjugated estrogens, either free or bound to proteins, mainly albumin, or to the…

ERYC® Parke-Davis Erythromycin Antibiotic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Erythromycin exerts its antibacterial action by binding with the 50S ribosomal subunit of the organism, inhibiting peptide bond formation and protein synthesis within the cell. The activity is bacteriostatic or bactericidal depending on concentration. tag_IndicationsIndications Indications And Clinical Uses: For the treatment of the following infections caused by susceptible strains of the designated microorganisms. Upper Respiratory Tract Infections: Those of mild to…

ERYSOL® Stiefel Erythromycin – Ethyl Alcohol Topical Acne Therapy Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Erythromycin exerts its antibacterial action by binding to the 50s ribosomal subunit of susceptible bacteria and suppressing protein synthesis. Erythromycin is usually bacteriostatic but may be bactericidal in high concentrations or against highly susceptible organisms. The precise mechanism of action of erythromycin in the treatment of acne has not been established. Ethyl alcohol is a drying and…

ERGAMISOL® Janssen-Ortho Levamisole HCl Immunomodulator Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Levamisole is capable of restoring impaired immune responses preferentially of the cell mediated type in compromised hosts. Therapeutic doses of levamisole restore to normal the functions of monocytes (phagocytes) and T lymphocytes but do not directly influence B cells. Levamisole is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract following a single oral ingestion of 150 mg. In patients with neoplastic disease, a…

EPHEDRINE HCl Roberts Decongestant Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Ephedrine is an adrenergic drug which exerts peripheral effects resembling those of epinephrine and central effects resembling those of the amphetamines. Ephedrine produces a more sustained action but is less potent than epinephrine. It stimulates both alpha and beta receptors and its peripheral actions are due partly to norepinephrine release and partly to direct effects on receptors. Ephedrine stimulates the heart, elevating…

ENTACYL® Roberts Piperazine Adipate Anthelmintic Indications And Clinical Uses: Pinworm or roundworm infestations. Contra-Indications: Impaired renal or hepatic function, convulsive disorders, or a history of hypersensitivity reactions to piperazine or its salts. Precautions: In children, avoid prolonged or repeated treatment in excess of that recommended due to potential neurotoxicity. Pregnancy: Safety of this drug for use during pregnancy has not been established. If CNS, significant gastrointestinal, or hypersensitivity reactions occur,…

ENTEX® LA Purdue Frederick Phenylpropanolamine HCI – Guaifenesin Decongestant – Expectorant Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Phenylpropanolamine is an alpha-adrenergic receptor agonist (sympathomimetic) which produces vasoconstriction by stimulating alpha-receptors within the mucosa of the respiratory tract. Clinically, phenylpropanolamine shrinks swollen mucous membranes, reduces tissue hyperemia, edema and nasal congestion, and increases nasal airway patency. Guaifenesin promotes lower respiratory tract drainage by thinning bronchial secretions, lubricates irritated respiratory tract membranes through increased…

ENTOCORT® Capsules Astra Budesonide Glucocorticosteroid for the Treatment of Crohn’s Disease Affecting the Ileum and/or Ascending Colon Action And Clinical Pharmacology: The active ingredient of Entocort capsules, budesonide, is a potent nonhalogenated synthetic glucocorticosteroid with high topical potency and weak systemic effects. The exact mechanism of action of glucocorticosteroids in the treatment of Crohn’s disease is not fully understood. Anti-inflammatory actions, such as the inhibition of inflammatory mediator release and…