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PAS SODIUM General Monograph, CPhA Aminosalicylate Sodium Antimycobacterial Pharmacology: Para-aminosalicylate sodium is the sodium salt of para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS). Note: Aminosalicylate sodium differs from 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), which is used for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. PAS sodium is a highly specific bacteriostatic agent active only against M. tuberculosis. PAS sodium competitively inhibits the formation of dihydrofolic acid from aminobenzoic acid, thus preventing bacterial synthesis of folic acid required…

PATANOL™ Alcon Olopatadine HCl Antiallergy Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Olopatadine is a mast cell stabilizer and a potent, selective histamine H1 antagonist that inhibits the in vivo type 1 immediate hypersensitivity reaction. In vitro studies have demonstrated the ability of olopatadine to stabilize rodent basophils and human conjunctival mast cells and inhibit antigen-stimulated release of histamine. In addition, olopatadine inhibits the release of other mast cell inflammatory mediators (i.e.,…

PARAPLATIN-AQ Bristol Carboplatin Antineoplastic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Carboplatin has biochemical properties similar to that of cisplatin, thus producing predominantly interstrand DNA crosslinks. In patients with creatinine clearances of 60 mL/min or greater given carboplatin at doses of 300 to 500 mg/m the plasma concentrations of carboplatin decay in a biphasic manner with mean alpha and beta half-lives of 1.6 h and 3 h, respectively. The total body clearance, apparent…

PARLODEL® Novartis Pharmaceuticals Bromocriptine Mesylate Prolactin Inhibitor – Growth Hormone Suppressant in Acromegaly – Adjunctive Medication in Parkinson’s Disease Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Bromocriptine is a dopaminomimetic ergot derivative with D2 type dopamine receptor agonist activity, which also has D1 dopamine receptor antagonist properties. Bromocriptine inhibits the release and synthesis of prolactin by acting directly on the prolactin secreting cells of the anterior pituitary. In patients with acromegaly, in addition…

PARNATE® SmithKline Beecham Tranylcypromine Sulfate Antidepressant Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Tranylcypromine is a nonhydrazine (MAO) inhibitor with a rapid onset of activity. It increases the concentration of epinephrine, norepinephrine and serotonin in storage sites in the nervous system. In theory, the increased concentration of monoamines in the brainstem is the basis for its antidepressant activity. Tranylcypromine differs from other MAO inhibitors in being a reversible inhibitor. When tranylcypromine is withdrawn,…

PANTOTHENIC ACID General Monograph, Vitamin B5 Vitamin Pharmacology: Pantothenic acid is a water-soluble, B complex vitamin. It is a precursor of coenzyme A and is essential for acetylation reactions in gluconeogenesis, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and in the synthesis of steroid hormones, porphyrins, acetylcholine and other compounds. Pantothenic acid is a required nutrient, but is so widely distributed that deficiency in humans is unlikely. Pantothenic acid deficiency is usually found…

PANTOLOC™ Solvay Pharma/Byk Canada Pantoprazole H KATPase Inhibitor Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Pantoprazole is a specific inhibitor of the gastric H KATPase enzyme (the proton pump) that is responsible for acid secretion by the parietal cells of the stomach. Pantoprazole is a substituted benzimidazole that accumulates in the acidic environment of the parietal cells after absorption. Pantroprazole is then converted into the active form, a cyclic sulfenamide, which binds to…

PARAFON FORTE® C8 Johnson & Johnson• Merck Chlorzoxazone – Acetaminophen – Codeine Phosphate Analgesic – Muscle Relaxant Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Parafon Forte C8 combines the muscle-relaxant effect of chlorzoxazone with acetaminophen, a well-known analgesic, and codeine, a centrally-acting narcotic analgesic. Chlorzoxazone is a centrally acting agent for painful musculoskeletal conditions. Data available from animal experiments, as well as human study, indicate that chlorzoxazone acts primarily at the level of…

PARAFON FORTE® Johnson & Johnson• Merck Chlorzoxazone – Acetaminophen Muscle Relaxant – Analgesic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Parafon Forte tablets combine the muscle-relaxant effect of chlorzoxazone with acetaminophen, a well-known analgesic. Chlorzoxazone is a centrally acting agent for painful musculoskeletal conditions. Data available from animal experiments, as well as human study, indicate that chlorzoxazone acts primarily at the level of the spinal cord and subcortical areas of the brain where…

PAMPRIN® PAMPRIN® Extra Strength PAMPRIN® PMS Chattem Pamabrom – Pyrilamine Maleate – Acetaminophen Diuretic – Antihistamine – Analgesic Indications And Clinical Uses: For temporary relief of symptoms accompanying premenstrual syndrome such as cramps, headache, irritability, backache and mild to moderate aches and pains. To reduce the temporary excess water frequently associated with the premenstrual period. Pamprin is most effective if taken at the first sign of discomfort, usually a few…