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PROTAMINE SULFATE INJECTION Pharmaceutical Partners Heparin Antagonist Action And Clinical Pharmacology: When administered alone, protamine has an anticoagulant effect. However, when it is given in the presence of heparin (which is strongly acidic), a stable salt is formed which results in the loss of anticoagulant activity of both drugs. Protamine has a rapid onset of action. Neutralization of heparin occurs within 5 minutes after i.v. administration. Although the metabolic fate…

PROPYL-THYRACIL® Frosst Propylthiouracil Hyperthyroidism Therapy Indications And Clinical Uses: The medical management of hyperthyroidism. The treatment of thyrotoxicosis prior to surgery. In conjunction with radioiodine to hasten recovery while awaiting the effects of radiation. The management of thyroid storm in addition to other therapeutic measures. Contra-Indications: Lactation. Hypersensitivity or idiosyncratic reaction to propylthiouracil. Manufacturers’ Warnings In Clinical States: Pregnancy: Propylthiouracil readily crosses the placenta and can cause goiter or cretinism…

PROSCAR® MSD Finasteride 5 Alpha-reductase Inhibitor Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Finasteride is a synthetic 4-azasteroid compound which is a competitive and specific inhibitor of 5 alpha-reductase, an intracellular enzyme which metabolizes testosterone into the more potent androgen dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Finasteride has very low affinity for the androgen receptor. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common finding in men over the age of 50 and its prevalence increases with age. The…

PRONESTYL® PRONESTYL®-SR Squibb Procainamide HCl Antiarrhythmic Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Procainamide increases the effective refractory period of the atria, and to a lesser extent the bundle of His-Purkinje system and ventricles of the heart. It reduces impulse conduction velocity in the atria, His-Purkinje fibers, and ventricular muscle, but has variable effects on the atrioventricular node, a direct slowing action and a weaker vagolytic effect which may speed atrioventricular conduction…

PROPINE® Allergan Dipivefrin HCl Glaucoma Therapy Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Dipivefrin is a member of a class of drugs known as prodrugs. Prodrugs are chemical modifications of valuable therapeutic agents which make the parent compound a more useful drug. These modifications are undertaken to enhance absorption, decrease side effects and enhance stability and comfort. Enhanced absorption makes the prodrug a more efficient delivery system for the parent drug because less…

PROPECIA® MSD Finasteride Type II 5 Alpha-reductase Inhibitor Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Finasteride is a competitive and specific inhibitor of Type II 5 alpha-reductase, an intracellular enzyme that converts the androgen testosterone into dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Two distinct isozymes of 5 alpha-reductase are found in mice, rats, monkeys, and humans: Type I and II. Each of these isozymes is differentially expressed in tissues and developmental stages. In humans, Type I 5…

PROFASI® HP Serono Chorionic Gonadotropin Gonadotropin Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Chorionic gonadotropin, extracted from the urine of pregnant women, is a water-soluble polypeptide hormone produced by the human placenta composed of an alpha and a beta sub-unit. The alpha sub-unit is essentially identical to the alpha sub-units of the human pituitary gonadotropins, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), as well as to the alpha sub-unit of human thyroid-stimulating hormone…

PROGLYCEM® Schering Diazoxide Hyperglycemic Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Diazoxide, a benzothiadiazine derivative, when administered orally produces a prompt dose-related increase in blood glucose level, due primarily to an inhibition of insulin release from the pancreas and also to an extrapancreatic effect. The hyperglycemic effect begins within an hour and generally lasts no more than 8 hours in the presence of normal renal function. Diazoxide decreases the excretion of sodium…

PROGRAF® Fujisawa Tacrolimus Immunosuppressant Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Tacrolimus is a macrolide immunosuppressant produced by Streptomyces tsukubaensis. Mechanism of Action: Tacrolimus prolongs the survival of the host and transplanted graft in animal transplant models of liver, kidney, heart, bone marrow, small bowel and pancreas, lung and trachea, skin, cornea and limb. Tacrolimus has been demonstrated to suppress some humoral immunity and, to a greater extent, cell-mediated reactions such as allograft…

PROCTOFOAM™-HC R & C Hydrocortisone Acetate – Pramoxine HCl Anorectal Therapy Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Proctofoam-HC combines the anti-inflammatory action of hydrocortisone with the surface anesthetic effect of pramoxine HCl. tag_IndicationsIndications Indications And Clinical Uses: The temporary relief of anorectal inflammation, pruritus, pain and swelling associated with hemorrhoids, proctitis, cryptitis, fissures, postoperative pain and pruritus ani. Contra-Indications: The presence of active infection, abscess, extensive fistulas or sinus tracts, tuberculosis, varicella,…