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NORCURON® Organon Vecuronium Bromide Nondepolarizing Neuromuscular Blocking Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Vecuronium is a nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent possessing all of the characteristic curariform pharmacological actions of this class of drugs. It acts by competing for cholinergic receptors at the motor end-plate. The antagonism to acetylcholine is inhibited and neuromuscular block is reversed by acetylcholinesterase inhibitors such as neostigmine, edrophonium, and pyridostigmine. Vecuronium is about a third more potent…

NITROLINGUAL® PUMPSPRAY Rhône-Poulenc Rorer Nitroglycerin Antianginal Action And Clinical Pharmacology: The principal action of nitroglycerin is that of all nitrates, namely, relaxation of vascular smooth muscle. Nitrates act primarily by reducing myocardial oxygen demand rather than increasing its oxygen supply. This effect is thought to be brought about predominantly by peripheral action. Although venous effects predominate, nitroglycerin produces, in a dose-related manner, dilation of both arterial and venous beds. Dilation…

NITRO-DUR® Key Nitroglycerin Antianginal Action And Clinical Pharmacology: The principal pharmacological action of nitroglycerin is relaxation of vascular smooth muscle and consequent dilation of both peripheral arteries and veins, with more prominent effects on the latter. Dilation of the post-capillary vessels, including large veins, promotes peripheral pooling of blood and decreases venous return to the heart, thereby reducing left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (preload). Arteriolar relaxation reduces systemic vascular resistance and…

NITROLINGUAL® Spray Rhône-Poulenc Rorer Nitroglycerin Antianginal Action And Clinical Pharmacology: The principal action of nitroglycerin is that of all nitrates, namely relaxation of vascular smooth muscle. Nitrates act primarily by reducing myocardial oxygen demand rather than increasing its oxygen supply. This effect is thought to be brought about predominantly by peripheral action. Although venous effects predominate, nitroglycerin produces, in a dose-related manner, dilation of both arterial and venous beds. Dilation…

NIPRIDE® Roche Sodium Nitroprusside Antihypertensive Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Nitroprusside is a potent, rapid acting i.v. antihypertensive agent. The antihypertensive action of nitroprusside is probably due to the nitroso (NO) group. Its effect is almost immediate and usually ends when the i.v. infusion is stopped. The brief duration of the drug’s action is due to its rapid biotransformation. The hypotensive effect is augmented by ganglionic blocking agents. The hypotensive effects…

NIMBEX® Glaxo Wellcome Cisatracurium Besylate Nondepolarizing Skeletal Neuromuscular Blocking Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Cisatracurium is an intermediate-acting, nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent for i.v. administration. Cisatracurium, 1 of 10 isomers of atracurium besylate, constitutes approximately 15% of that mixture. Cisatracurium binds competitively to cholinergic receptors on the motor end-plate to antagonize the action of acetylcholine, resulting in block of neuromuscular transmission. This action is antagonized by acetylcholinesterase inhibitors such as…

NICORETTE® PLUS Hoechst Marion Roussel Nicotine Polacrilex Smoking Cessation Aid Action And Clinical Pharmacology: The active component of Nicorette Plus is nicotine in the form of a natural extract from the tobacco plant. In small doses, nicotine stimulates autonomic ganglia. Larger doses of the drug result in a blockage of the ganglia. The effects on autonomic ganglia vary according to the degree of tolerance to nicotine. The major cardiovascular effects…

NEURONTIN™ Parke-Davis Gabapentin Antiepileptic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Gabapentin exhibits antiseizure activity in mice and rats both in the maximal electroshock and in the pentylenetetrazol seizure models. Gabapentin is structurally related to the neurotransmitter GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) but does not interact with GABA receptors, it is not metabolized to GABA or to GABA agonists, and it is not an inhibitor of GABA uptake or degradation. Gabapentin at concentrations up to…

NIACIN SUSTAINED RELEASE Stanley Nicotinic Acid Vitamin Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Nicotinic acid, when released, is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract following oral administration and widely distributed in the body fluids and tissues, even in the breast milk. The main route of metabolism in the liver is conversion first to nicotinamide then to N-methyl nicotinamide, the 2-pyridone and 4-pyridone derivatives and nicotinuric acid formed which are excreted in the…

NETROMYCIN® Schering Netilmicin Sulfate Antibiotic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Netilmicin is a semisynthetic, aminocyclitol, aminoglycoside antibiotic prepared from a dehydrogenated analog of gentamicin Cla. Netilmicin is a bactericidal antibiotic which acts by inhibiting normal protein synthesis in susceptible bacteria. It is thought to prevent amino acid polymerization by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit. Netilmicin is rapidly and completely absorbed after i.m. administration. In adult subjects with normal renal function,…