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LOPID® Parke-Davis Gemfibrozil Antihyperlipidemic Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Gemfibrozil is a lipid regulating agent which decreases serum triglycerides and total cholesterol, and increases high density lipoprotein cholesterol. The lipid-lowering changes occur primarily in the very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) fraction (Sf 20 to 400) rich in triglycerides and to a lesser extent in the low density lipoprotein (LDL) fraction (Sf0 to 20) rich in cholesterol. Gemfibrozil treatment of patients…

LOPROX® Hoechst Marion Roussel Ciclopirox Olamine Topical Antifungal Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Ciclopirox is a synthetic broad spectrum antifungal agent that inhibits the growth of pathogenic dermatophytes, yeasts, and M. furfur. It exhibits fungicidal activity in vitro against isolates of T. rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, E. floccosum, M. canis and C. albicans. The mode of action of ciclopirox olamine was studied mainly in C. albicans. It is presumed that ciclopirox mediated…

LOSEC® Astra Omeprazole Magnesium H KATPase Inhibitor Note: When used in combination with amoxicillin, clarithromycin or metronidazole, the product monographs for those agents must be consulted and followed. Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Omeprazole inhibits the gastric enzyme H KATPase (the proton pump) which catalyzes the exchange of Hand K It is effective in the inhibition of both basal acid secretion and stimulated acid secretion. The inhibition is dose dependent. Daily…

LOESTRIN™ 1.5/30 Parke-Davis Norethindrone Acetate – Ethinyl Estradiol Oral Contraceptive Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Loestrin 1.5/30 achieves its contraceptive effect primarily by inhibition of ovulation through gonadotrophin suppression. It is well-established that oral contraceptives containing estrogen and progestogen affect hypothalamic, pituitary and ovarian functions. They may alter many other physiological systems. Although the exact mechanisms of action are incompletely understood, there is universal agreement that the inhibition of the ovulatory…

LONITEN® Pharmacia & Upjohn Minoxidil Antihypertensive Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Minoxidil is an orally effective direct acting peripheral vasodilator that reduces elevated systolic and diastolic blood pressure by decreasing peripheral vascular resistance. Minoxidil does not directly stimulate the heart or electrolyte reabsorption by the kidney. However, because of peripheral dilatation, minoxidil elicits a reflex mediated increase in cardiac output, salt and water retention, and a rise in plasma renin activity….

LOMOTIL® Searle Diphenoxylate HCl – Atropine Sulfate Antidiarrheal Action And Clinical Pharmacology: The mode of action of diphenoxylate in the bowel is similar to that of morphine and related drugs. Gastrointestinal propulsion is inhibited through a direct action on the smooth muscle, resulting in a decrease in peristaltic action and a consequent increase in transit time. tag_IndicationsIndications Indications And Clinical Uses: As an adjunct in the management of diarrhea. Bacterially-induced…

LOCACORTEN® VIOFORM® Novartis Pharmaceuticals Flumethasone Pivalate – Clioquinol Topical Corticosteroid – Antibacterial – Antifungal Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Flumethasone pivalate is a moderately potent difluorinated corticosteroid ester with anti-inflammatory, antipruritic and vasoconstrictive properties. As it is a privalate, its anti-inflammatory action is concentrated at the site of application. This local effect on diseased areas results in a prompt decrease in inflammation, exudation and itching. Clioquinol, the antimicrobial component of Locacorten…

LOCASALEN® Novartis Flumethasone Pivalate – Salicylic Acid Topical Corticosteroid – Squamolytic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Locasalen exhibits pronounced anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic antiproliferative and antipruritic effects. Flumethasone pivalate, a topical corticoid of proven efficacy, is in solution in the ointment base rather than as suspended microcrystals and attains a higher degree of penetration into the skin where it remains active in the epidermis for a long period of time. The salicylic acid…

LITHANE™ Pfizer Lithium Carbonate Antimanic Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Although lithium is useful for its antimanic effect and in preventing relapses in patients with a clearcut diagnosis of bipolar affective disorder, it has very little, if any, direct effect on moods, normal or abnormal. Lithium alters sodium transport in nerve and muscle cells, effects a shift toward intraneuronal metabolism of catecholamines and has an inhibitory action on the intracellular…

LIVOSTIN® NASAL SPRAY Janssen-Ortho Levocabastine HCl Histamine H1-antagonist Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Levocabastine is a potent, fast-acting and highly selective histamine H1-antagonist with a sustained duration of action. Within 10 minutes of topical application to the nose, levocabastine inhibits sneezing, itchy nose and rhinorrhea induced by nasal provocation with allergens. Orally-administered levocabastine provides a dose dependent inhibition of skin reactions to intradermal histamine. After repeated topical application to the nose,…