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LYSODREN Bristol Mitotane Antineoplastic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Mitotane is an adrenal cytotoxic agent, and can cause adrenal inhibition, apparently without cellular destruction. Its biochemical mechanism of action is unknown. Available data suggest that the drug modifies the peripheral metabolism of steroids as well as directly suppressing the adrenal cortex. In man, mitotane administration alters cortisol’s extra-adrenal metabolism, leading to a reduction in measurable 17-hydroxy corticosteroids, even though plasma corticosteroid…

LOZIDE® Servier Indapamide Hemihydrate Diuretic – Antihypertensive Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Indapamide is a diuretic antihypertensive agent. The mechanism whereby indapamide exerts its action in the control of hypertension is not completely elucidated: both renal and extrarenal actions may be involved. The renal site of action is the proximal part of the distal tubule and the ascending part of Henle’s loop. Sodium and chloride ions are excreted in approximately…

LUDIOMIL® Novartis Pharmaceuticals Maprotiline HCl Antidepressant Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Maprotiline has been shown to exhibit an antidepressant action. Maprotiline strongly inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine in the brain and peripheral tissues, but has a notable lack of serotonergic uptake inhibition. It has markedly less pronounced alpha-adrenergic blocking activity than amitriptyline. Maprotiline has a strong antihistaminic activity and a weaker anticholinergic activity. Maprotiline also exerts a sedative effect on the…

LUPRON DEPOT® 3.75 mg/7.5 mg Abbott/TAP Pharmaceuticals Leuprolide Acetate Leuprolide Acetate for Depot Suspension Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone Analog for Management of Central Precocious Puberty in Children Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Leuprolide is a synthetic nonapeptide analog of naturally occurring gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH or LHRH). The analog possesses greater potency than the natural hormone. When administered as indicated, leuprolide acts as a potent inhibitor of gonadotropin production. It is chemically unrelated…

LUPRON® DEPOT® 3.75 mg Abbott Leuprolide Acetate for Depot Suspension Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone Analog Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Leuprolide is a synthetic nonapeptide analog of naturally occurring gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH or LHRH). The analog possesses greater potency than the natural hormone. When administered as indicated, leuprolide acts as a potent inhibitor of gonadotropin production. It is chemically unrelated to steroids. Unlike steroid hormones, leuprolide exerts specific action on the pituitary gonadotrophs…

LOTENSIN® Novartis Benazepril HCl Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Benazepril is an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor which is used in the treatment of hypertension. Benazepril, after hydrolytic bioactivation to benazeprilat, inhibits angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), a peptidyl dipeptidase catalyzing the conversion of angiotensin I to the vasoconstrictor angiotensin II. Angiotensin II also stimulates aldosterone secretion by the adrenal cortex, leading to sodium resorption and potassium secretion…

LOTRIDERM® Schering Clotrimazole – Betamethasone Dipropionate Topical Antifungal – Corticosteroid Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Betamethasone dipropionate with clotrimazole combines the anti-inflammatory, antipruritic and vasoconstrictive activity of betamethasone dipropionate with the antifungal activity of clotrimazole. The primary action of clotrimazole is against dividing and growing organisms, possibly through reaction with the cell membrane. Indications And Clinical Uses: For the topical treatment of the following fungal dermal infections complicated by inflammatory pruritus:…

LOVENOX® Rhône-Poulenc Rorer Enoxaparin Sodium Anticoagulant – Antithrombotic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Enoxaparin is a low molecular weight heparin fragment, which is obtained by controlled depolymerization of natural heparin from porcine intestinal mucosa. It possesses antithrombotic action. Enoxaparin is composed of molecules with and without a specially characterized pentasaccharide, the antithrombin binding site, that is essential for high affinity binding to the plasma protein antithrombin (formerly referred to as antithrombin…

LOXAPAC® Wyeth-Ayerst Loxapine Antipsychotic Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Loxapine, a tricyclic dibenzoxazepine antipsychotic agent, which is chemically distinct from the phenothiazines, thioxanthenes and butyrophenones, produces pharmacological responses in various animal species which are characteristic of those seen with the majority of antipsychotic drugs. Loxapine is an antipsychotic drug which exhibits many of the actions common to this broad class of drugs. Loxapine has proven to be of value in…

LOPRESOR® Novartis Pharmaceuticals Metoprolol Tartrate Beta-Adrenergic Receptor Blocking Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Metoprolol is a b-adrenergic receptor-blocking agent. In vitro and in vivo animal studies have shown that it has a preferential effect on the b1-adrenoreceptors, chiefly located in cardiac muscle. This preferential effect is not absolute, however, and at higher doses, metoprolol also inhibits b2-adrenoreceptors, chiefly located in the bronchial and vascular musculature. Metoprolol has no membrane-stabilizing or…