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MARCAINE® Sanofi Bupivacaine HCl Local Anesthetic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Bupivacaine stabilizes the neuronal membrane and prevents both the generation and the conduction of nerve impulses, thereby exerting local anesthetic action. The onset of action is rapid, and anesthesia is long lasting. The advantage of bupivacaine over other local anesthetics is in the prolonged duration of effective anesthesia. It is to be noted however, that the duration of action of…

MANERIX® Roche Moclobemide Antidepressant Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Moclobemide is a short-acting, reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase (MAO). It is a benzamide derivative which inhibits the deamination of serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine. This action leads to increased concentrations of these neurotransmitters, which may account for the antidepressant activity of moclobemide. MAOs are currently subclassified into 2 types, A and B, which differ in their substrate specificity. Moclobemide preferentially inhibits MAO-A;…

MARVELON® Organon Desogestrel – Ethinyl Estradiol Oral Contraceptive Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Combination oral contraceptives act by suppression of gonadotropins. Although the primary mechanism of this action is inhibition of ovulation, other alterations include changes in the cervical mucus (which increase the difficulty of sperm entry into the uterus) and the endometrium (which reduce the likelihood of implantation). Desogestrel, the progestogen component of Marvelon, displays low androgenic activity in relation…

MARINOL® Sanofi Dronabinol Antiemetic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Dronabinol, also known as delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol has been shown to have psychotropic and antiemetic activity. Dronabinol can produce changes in mood, decrease in cognitive performance and memory, decrease in ability to control drives and impulses, and altered perception of reality, particularly altered time sense. Pharmacokinetics: Dronabinol is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. The systemic availability, following oral administration, is 10 to 20%…

MANDOL® Lilly Cefamandole Nafate Antibiotic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Cefamandole, a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic, possesses properties similar to other members of this group, but has a broader spectrum of activity particularly with respect to the treatment of Gram-negative bacillary infections. Cefamandole has been shown to be active against the following organisms in vitro: Gram-positive: b-hemolytic and other strains of streptococci including S. pneumoniae (many strains of S. faecalis are resistant),…

MALTLEVOL® MALTLEVOL®-12 Carter Horner Multivitamins Dietary Supplement Indications And Clinical Uses: As a multivitamin dietary supplement and for iron deficiency anemia. Contra-Indications: Hemosiderosis, hemochromatosis, hemolytic anemia. Precautions: Oral iron preparations may aggravate existing peptic ulcer, regional enteritis and ulcerative colitis. Iron compounds taken orally can impair the absorption of tetracycline antibiotics. Antacids given concomitantly with iron compounds decrease iron absorption. Adverse Reactions: Rarely, in iron-sensitive patients, mild gastrointestinal upsets may…

MAGNESIUM-ROUGIER Rougier Magnesium Glucoheptonate Magnesium Supplement Indications And Clinical Uses: In hypomagnesemic states: malnutrition, excessive gastrointestinal losses due to severe diarrhea or prolonged vomiting, malabsorption syndrome, liver cirrhosis, diabetic acidosis, chronic alcoholism, electrolyte abnormalities following the use of potent diuretics. Contra-Indications: Renal insufficiency. Precautions: Magnesium forms insoluble chelates with tetracyclines, thus inhibiting antibiotic absorption. Therefore, concomitant administration of magnesium and tetracyclines should be avoided. Administer magnesium cautiously in conjunction with…

MAGNEVIST® Berlex Canada Gadopentetate Dimeglumine Contrast Enhancement Agent for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Gadopentetate dimeglumine was developed as a contrast agent for diagnostic use in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Gadolinium is a rare earth element. Its ion (Gd++ has 7 unpaired electrons and, therefore, shows paramagnetic properties. Gd++has a strong effect on the hydrogen-proton spin-lattice relaxation time (T1), which causes the observed contrast enhancement in MRI…

MAJEPTIL® Rhône-Poulenc Rorer Thioproperazine Mesylate Neuroleptic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Thioproperazine is a potent neuroleptic with antipsychotic properties. Thioproperazine has a marked cataleptic and antiapomorphine activity associated with relatively slight sedative, hypothermic and spasmolytic effects. It is virtually without antiserotonin and hypotensive action and has no antihistaminic property. Indications And Clinical Uses: All types of acute and chronic schizophrenia, including those which did not respond to the usual neuroleptics; manic…

MACROBID® Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals Nitrofurantoin Monohydrate – Nitrofurantoin Macrocrystals Urinary Tract Antibacterial Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Nitrofurantoin is reduced by bacterial flavoproteins to reactive intermediates which inactivate or alter bacterial ribosomal proteins and other macromolecules. As a result of such inactivations, the vital biochemical processes of protein synthesis, aerobic energy metabolism, DNA synthesis, RNA synthesis and cell wall synthesis are inhibited. The broad-based nature of this mode of action…