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RAXAR™ Glaxo Wellcome Grepafloxacin HCl Antibacterial Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Grepafloxacin is a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic. It has in vitro activity against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic microorganisms, as well as some atypical microorganisms. Grepafloxacin exerts its antibacterial activity by inhibiting bacterial topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) and topoisomerase IV, essential enzymes for duplication, transcription, and repair of bacterial DNA. Grepafloxacin is bactericidal at concentrations equal to or…

PROBETA® Allergan Levobunolol HCl – Dipivefrin HCl Glaucoma Therapy Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Probeta is a combination of levobunolol (a noncardioselective beta-adrenoceptor blocking agent) and dipivefrin (an adrenergic agonist) which acts to lower elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). Elevated IOP presents a major risk factor in glaucomatous field loss. The higher the level of IOP, the greater the likelihood of optic nerve damage and visual field loss. Poor ocular perfusion may…

PRINIVIL® MSD Lisinopril Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Lisinopril is an ACE inhibitor which is used in the treatment of hypertension, congestive heart failure and following myocardial infarction in hemodynamically stable patients. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is a peptidyl dipeptidase which catalyzes the conversion of angiotensin I to the pressor substance, angiotensin II. Inhibition of ACE results in decreased plasma angiotensin II, which leads to increased plasma…

PRINZIDE® MSD Lisinopril – Hydrochlorothiazide Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor – Diuretic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Prinzide combines the action of an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, lisinopril, and a diuretic, hydrochlorothiazide. Lisinopril: Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is a peptidyl dipeptidase which catalyzes the conversion of angiotensin I to the pressor substance, angiotensin II. Inhibition of ACE results in decreased plasma angiotensin II, which leads to increased plasma renin activity (due to…

PRO-BANTHINE® Roberts Propantheline Bromide Anticholinergic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Propantheline bromide is a synthetic quaternary ammonium anticholinergic agent which inhibits gastrointestinal motility and spasm and diminishes gastric acid secretion. The drug also inhibits the action of acetylcholine at the postganglionic nerve endings of the parasympathetic nervous system. Its effects are similar to those of atropine although they last longer (6 hours). The antispasmodic effects on the gastrointestinal tract may occur…

PRIMACOR® Sanofi Milrinone Lactate Inotrope – Vasodilator Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Milrinone is a positive inotrope and vasodilator, with little chronotropic activity, different in structure and mode of action from either the digitalis glycosides or catecholamines. Milrinone, at relevant inotropic and vasorelaxant concentrations, is a selective inhibitor of peak III cAMP phosphodiesterase isozyme in cardiac and vascular muscle. This inhibitory action is consistent with cAMP mediated increases in intracellular ionized…

PRIMAXIN® MSD Imipenem – Cilastatin Sodium Antibiotic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Imipenem exerts a bactericidal action by inhibiting cell wall synthesis in aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Primaxin consists of 2 components: imipenem, a derivative of thienamycin, a carbapenem antibiotic; and cilastatin sodium, a specific inhibitor of dehydropeptidase-I a renal enzyme which metabolizes and inactivates imipenem. Cilastatin blocks the metabolism of imipenem in the kidney, so that concomitant…

PRIMENE® Clintec Amino Acids I.V. Nutritive Supplement Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Primene is a sterile, nonpyrogenic, hypertonic solution of essential and nonessential amino acids in a Pharmacy Bulk Package. A Pharmacy Bulk Package is a container of a sterile preparation for parenteral use in a pharmacy admixture program and is restricted to the preparation of admixtures for i.v. infusion. Primene provides a mixture of essential and nonessential amino acids as…

PRESUN® ULTRA 30 Preparations Westwood-Squibb Octyl Methoxycinnamate – Octyl Salicylate – Oxybenzone – Butyl Methoxydibenzoyl – Methane (Parsol® 1789) Sunscreen Indications And Clinical Uses: A waterproof, non-PABA sunscreen for extremely sun-sensitive patients, or those patients who exhibit a sensitivity to PABA or its esters. Offers maximum UVA and UVB sun protection. Regular usage may help prevent premature aging and wrinkling of the skin due to sun overexposure. Precautions: For external…

PREVACID® Abbott Lansoprazole H KATPase Inhibitor Note: When used in combination with antimicrobials for the eradication of H. pylori, the product monograph for those agents should be consulted. Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Lansoprazole inhibits the gastric H KATPase (the proton pump) which catalyzes the exchange of Hand K It is effective in the inhibition of both basal acid secretion and stimulated acid secretion. In healthy subjects, single and multiple doses…