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MICRONOR® Janssen-Ortho Norethindrone Oral Contraceptive Action And Clinical Pharmacology: The mechanism of contraception action of Micronor tablets is multicausal, primarily at the local pelvic level and secondarily at the systemic level. The hormonal effect is mainly progestational. Pelvic effects include changes in the cervical mucus and endometrium. Systemic effects involve mainly the inhibition of secretion of pituitary gonadotropins which in turn prevents follicular maturation and ovulation. Studies by Moghissi, Beck,…

MICANOL® Canderm Pharma Anthralin Psoriasis Treatment Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Micanol cream provides the action of anthralin in a pharmaceutically elegant base formulated to minimize staining and irritation. With successful treatment, scales will be removed and the lesions will flatten. The lesions will take time to blanch after flattening has occurred. Indications And Clinical Uses: For the treatment of psoriasis. Contra-Indications: Do not use on areas of skin where inflammation…

MICOZOLE Taro Miconazole Nitrate Antifungal Indications And Clinical Uses: For the local treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis (moniliasis) and has been shown to be effective in both pregnant and nonpregnant women and in women taking oral contraceptives. Miconazole, a synthetic imidazole derivative, exhibits a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity for the use in the systemic treatment and local treatment of vaginal and topical fungal infections. It is particularly active against Candida…

MICATIN® McNeil Consumer Products Miconazole Nitrate Topical Antifungal Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Miconazole exhibits broad spectrum in vitro fungistatic activity; e.g., against species of the genus Candida. Studies with C. albicans indicate that at low concentrations, miconazole acts primarily on the yeast cell membrane resulting in selective inhibition of the uptake of precursors of RNA and DNA (purines) and mucopolysaccharide (glutamine). In addition, in vitro antibacterial activity has been reported…

METRETON® Schering Prednisone Acetate – Chlorpheniramine Maleate – Ascorbic Acid Glucocorticoid – Antihistamine Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Metreton combines the anti-inflammatory and antiallergic effects of the corticosteroid prednisone with the antihistaminic activity of chlorpheniramine. In addition, Metreton tablets contain ascorbic acid. By using prednisone and chlorpheniramine in combination, comparable results usually are obtained with smaller amounts of corticosteroid than when the corticosteroid is given alone. Indications And Clinical Uses: For…

METROCREAM™ METROGEL® Galderma Metronidazole Antirosacea Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Metronidazole topical preparations are particularly effective against the inflammatory, papulopustular component of rosacea. The mechanisms by which topical metronidazole acts in reducing inflammatory lesions of rosacea are unknown, but may include an anti-bacterial and/or an anti-inflammatory effect. Pharmacokinetics: Metronidazole is rapidly and nearly totally absorbed after oral administration. The drug is not significantly bound to serum proteins and distributes well…

MEVACOR® MSD Lovastatin Lipid Metabolism Regulator Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Lovastatin is a cholesterol-lowering agent isolated from a strain of A. terreus. After oral ingestion, lovastatin, which is an inactive lactone, is hydrolyzed to the corresponding b-hydroxyacid form. This principal metabolite is a specific inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase. This enzyme catalyzes the conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate, which is an early and rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of…

METRONIDAZOLE General Monograph Antibacterial – Antiprotozoal Pharmacology: Metronidazole is amebicidal, trichomonacidal and bactericidal. A chemically reactive, reduced form of metronidazole is thought to be responsible for the drug’s activity. The reduced substrate affects anoxic or hypoxic cells causing loss of the helical structure of DNA, strand breakage and impairment of cellular function. The spectrum of activity of metronidazole includes the following: Anaerobic gram-negative bacilli, including most Bacteroides species, Fusobacterium and…

METHYLENE BLUE Bioniche Tetramethylthionine Chloride Trihydrate Methemoglobinemia – Diagnostic Aid Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Methylene Blue activates a normally dormant reductase enzyme system which reduces the methylene blue to leucomethylene blue, which in turn is able to reduce methemoglobin to hemoglobin. Methylene Blue is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. It is believed to be reduced in the tissues to the leuco form which is slowly excreted, mainly in the urine…

METHOTREXATE TABLETS USP Faulding Antimetabolite Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Methotrexate is an antimetabolite which competitively inhibits the enzyme folic acid reductase. During DNA synthesis and cellular reproduction, folic acid is reduced to tetrahydrofolic acid by the enzyme folic acid reductase. By interfering with the reduction of folic acid, methotrexate interferes with tissue cell reproduction. Generally, the most sensitive cells to the antimetabolite effect of methotrexate are those cells which are…