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MEPRON® Glaxo Wellcome Atovaquone Antiprotozoal Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Atovaquone is a hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, an analog of ubiquinone, with antipneumocystis activity. The mechanism of action against P. carinii has not been fully elucidated. Pharmacokinetics: The pharmacokinetics of atovaquone has been studied in healthy volunteers, HIV-infected adults with varying stages and manifestations of HIV infection and in immunocompromised children. The half-life of atovaquone is long (2 to 3 days) due to…

MENINGOCOCCAL POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE, GROUPS A, C, Y AND W-135 COMBINED, MENOMUNE® Connaught Vaccine Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Meningitis can be caused by a variety of microorganisms including several sero-groups of meningococci. This vaccine will not stimulate protection against infections caused by organisms other than Groups A, C, Y and W-135 meningococci. It has been demonstrated that the presence of human serum bactericidal antibodies to meningococcal antigens is strongly correlated with…

MEDROL® VERIDERM® Cream Pharmacia & Upjohn Methylprednisolone Topical Glucocorticoid Indications And Clinical Uses: Noninfected dermatoses, including allergic dermatoses, pruritus ani and vulvae, atopic and seborrheic dermatitis and contact dermatitis, induced by poison ivy, cosmetics, chemicals or drugs. Contra-Indications: Tuberculosis of the skin, herpes simplex, vaccinia, varicella and other cutaneous infections for which an effective agent is not available for simultaneous application. Do not use in the eye or in patients…

MEFOXIN® MSD Cefoxitin Sodium Antibiotic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: In vitro studies demonstrate that the bactericidal action of cefoxitin, a cephamycin derived from cephamycin C, results from the inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. Evidence suggests that the methoxy group in the 7a position is responsible for the resistance of cefoxitin to degradation by bacterial beta-lactamases. Cefoxitin is poorly absorbed orally in humans. Cefoxitin, administered parenterally, produces high serum and…

MEGACE® MEGACE® OS Bristol Megestrol Acetate Antineoplastic – Progestogen – Antianorexic – Anticachectic Antianorexic – Anticachectic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: The precise mechanism of action by which megestrol produces its antineoplastic effects is unknown at present. Pharmacologic doses of megestrol exerted a direct cytotoxic effect on human breast cancer cells in vitro and proved capable of modifying and abolishing the stimulatory effects of estrogen on breast cancer cell lines. Megestrol…

MD-76® Mallinckrodt Diatrizoate Meglumine – Diatrizoate Sodium Radiopaque Medium Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Following intravascular injection, MD-76 is rapidly transported through the bloodstream to the kidneys and is excreted unchanged in the urine by glomerular filtration. When urinary tract obstruction is severe enough to block glomerular filtration, the agent appears to be excreted by the tubular epithelium. Renal accumulation is sufficiently rapid that the period of maximal opacification of the…

MEDROL® Acne Lotion Pharmacia & Upjohn Methylprednisolone – Aluminum Chlorhydroxide – Sulfur Acne Therapy Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Medrol Acne Lotion has an anti-inflammatory action by virtue of its content of methylprednisolone, as astringent and antiperspirant action by virtue of its content of aluminum chlorhydroxide and a keratolytic effect by virtue of its sulfur content. Sulfur has also demonstrated some antibacterial activity at the concentration used. Indications And Clinical Uses:…

MEDROL® Pharmacia & Upjohn Methylprednisolone Glucocorticoid Indications And Clinical Uses: Endocrine Disorders: Primary or secondary adrenocortical insufficiency (hydrocortisone or cortisone is the first choice; synthetic analogs may be used in conjunction with mineralocorticoids where applicable; in infancy mineralocorticoid supplementation is of particular importance). Congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Nonsuppurative thyroiditis. Hypercalcemia associated with cancer. Nonendocrine Disorders: Rheumatic Disorders: As adjunctive therapy for short-term administration (to tide the patient over an acute episode…

MAVIK™ Knoll Trandolapril Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Trandolapril is a nonsulfydryl angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, which is used in the treatment of mild to moderate essential hypertension and following acute myocardial infarction in stabilized patients with left ventricular dysfunction. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is a peptidyl dipeptidase that catalyzes the conversion of angiotensin I to the pharmacologically active substance, angiotensin II, which is a vasopressor…

MAXERAN® Hoechst Marion Roussel Metoclopramide HCl Modifier of Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Motility – Antiemetic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Metoclopramide is a benzamide derivative, structurally related to procainamide and sulpiride. As with sulpiride, it has dopamine-antagonist activity with selective affinity for D-2 (non-adenylate cyclase-linked) receptors. The behavioral, motor, and neuroendocrine effects of metoclopramide have been linked to its antidopaminergic activity. Metoclopramide has antiemetic properties, which are believed to result from its…