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RELAFEN™ SmithKline Beecham Nabumetone Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Nabumetone is a nonacidic, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with a naphthylalkanone structure which is virtually insoluble in water. It exhibits anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic properties in pharmacologic studies. As with the acidic NSAIDs, its mode of action is not known. However, the ability to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis may be involved in the anti-inflammatory effect. Nabumetone, as the parent compound,…

REJUVA-A® Stiefel Tretinoin Agent for the Treatment of Photodamaged Skin Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Tretinoin, a member of the retinoid class of compounds, is both pharmacologically and structurally related to vitamin A which regulates epithelial cell growth and differentiation. Retinoic acid may exert its effects at the molecular level by binding to specific steroid-like nuclear receptors known as retinoic acid receptors. Binding of retinoic acid to a retinoic acid receptor…

RELEFACT® TRH Hoechst Marion Roussel Protirelin Synthetic Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Protirelin stimulates the secretion of pituitary thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). This effect may be used clinically to assess the functional integrity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis by estimating TSH concentrations in the peripheral plasma. In addition to its stimulatory effect on secretion of pituitary TSH, it has been shown that protirelin increases secretion of prolactin. Approximately 65%…

REBIF™ Serono Interferon beta-1a Immunomodulator Action And Clinical Pharmacology: General: Interferons are a family of naturally occurring proteins, which have molecular weights ranging from 15 000 to 21 000 daltons. Three major classes of interferons have been identified: alpha, beta and gamma. Interferon beta, interferon alpha and interferon gamma have overlapping yet distinct biologic activities. Interferon beta-1a acts through various mechanisms: Immunomodulation through the induction of cell membrane components of…

QUINTASA® Ferring 5-Aminosalicylic Acid Lower Gastrointestinal Anti-inflammatory Action And Clinical Pharmacology: 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) has been recognized as the therapeutically active moiety of sulfasalazine, a drug used to treat inflammatory bowel disease. 5-ASA has in vitro and in vivo pharmacologic effects that decrease leukotriene production, scavenge for free radicals and inhibit leukocyte chemotaxis. While its exact mode of action is currently unknown, any of these biochemical mechanisms may play a…

RAFTON® Liquid RAFTON® Tablets Ferring Alginic Acid Compound Gastroesophageal Reflux Therapy Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Rafton forms a protective neutralizing foam barrier in the stomach that effectively stops the upward flow of stomach acids into the esophagus providing fast relief of heartburn. Indications And Clinical Uses: For the effective relief of day or night-time heartburn or for discomfort of the esophagus due to upward flow of stomach acids. Precautions: Each…

RAXAR™ Glaxo Wellcome Grepafloxacin HCl Antibacterial Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Grepafloxacin is a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic. It has in vitro activity against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic microorganisms, as well as some atypical microorganisms. Grepafloxacin exerts its antibacterial activity by inhibiting bacterial topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) and topoisomerase IV, essential enzymes for duplication, transcription, and repair of bacterial DNA. Grepafloxacin is bactericidal at concentrations equal to or…

QUIBRON®-T QUIBRON®-T/SR Bristol Theophylline Bronchodilator Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Theophylline is a xanthine derivative structurally related to theobromine and caffeine. It has 2 distinct actions in the airways of patients with reversible obstruction: smooth muscle relaxation (i.e., bronchodilation) and suppression of the response of the airways to stimuli (i.e., nonbronchodilator prophylactic effects). While its mechanisms of action are not known with certainty, studies in animals suggest that theophylline bronchodilation is…

QUESTRAN® QUESTRAN® LIGHT Bristol Cholestyramine Resin Antidiarrheal – Antihypercholesterolemic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Cholestyramine is a quarternary ammonium anion exchange resin with a polystyrene polymer skeleton. As the chloride salt, it binds bile acids both in vitro and in vivo, exchanging chloride for bile acid. Cholesterol is probably the sole precursor of bile acids. During normal digestion, bile acids are secreted into the intestines. A major portion of the bile…

QUINATE Rougier Quinidine Gluconate Antiarrhythmic Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Quinidine depresses excitability, conduction velocity and contractility of most cardiac tissues by a direct action on cardiac cells. Indirectly, cardiac tissues will also be affected by the anticholinergic and a-adrenoceptor blocking properties of quinidine. According to Vaughan Williams-Harrison antiarrhythmic drug classification, quinidine is a Class IA agent. Thus, quinidine reduces the maximal rate of phase 0 depolarization, prolongs repolarization and…