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REVIA® DuPont Pharma Naltrexone HCl Opioid Antagonist Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Pharmacodynamic Actions: Naltrexone is a pure opioid antagonist. It markedly attenuates or completely blocks, reversibly, the subjective effects of i.v. administered opioids. [In this context, the term opioid is used to describe 1) classic morphine-like agonists and 2) analgesics possessing agonist and antagonist activity (e.g., butorphanol, nalbuphine and pentazocine).] When coadministered with morphine, on a chronic basis, naltrexone blocks…

RHINALAR® Roche Flunisolide Nasal Mist Allergic Rhinitis Therapy Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Flunisolide has demonstrated marked anti-inflammatory and antiallergic efficacy in classical animal test systems. It is a corticosteroid which is several hundred times more potent in animal anti-inflammatory assays than the cortisol standard. Clinical studies with flunisolide have shown a topical activity on the nasal mucous membrane with minimal associated systemic activity at the low spray doses administered. The…

RHEUMATREX™ Wyeth-Ayerst Methotrexate Sodium Antirheumatic Caution: Methotrexate should be used only by physicians whose knowledge and experience includes the use of antimetabolite therapy. Because of the possibility of serious toxic reactions the patient should be informed by the physician of the risks involved and should be under a physician’s constant supervision. Deaths have been reported with the use of methotrexate in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. In the treatment of…

RETIN-A® Janssen-Ortho Tretinoin Comedolytic Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Studies in animals have shown that tretinoin supplies all the physiologic requirements of vitamin A except those needed for vision and reproduction. When animals were fed a diet in which vitamin A was replaced by vitamin A acid, there was no storage in the liver. This suggests that the acid may be the tissue-active form which is important for epithelial growth…

RESTORIL® Novartis Temazepam Hypnotic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: General: Temazepam is a benzodiazepine with hypnotic properties. Benzodiazepines act as depressants of the CNS. It is believed that benzodiazepines enhance or facilitate the effects of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Benzodiazepines act as agonists at the benzodiazepine receptor sites. The benzodiazepine-GABA receptor-chloride ionophore complex functions mainly in the gating of the chloride channel. Benzodiazepines are thought to produce their pharmacological…

RETISOL-A® Stiefel Tretinoin Acne Therapy Action And Clinical Pharmacology: The precise mechanism of action of tretinoin on the skin is not fully understood. It is known that tretinoin is both pharmacologically and structurally related to vitamin A which regulates epithelial cell growth and differentiation. Tretinoin itself is known to have an irritant and keratolytic effect on the skin. These 2 actions which occur simultaneously have been shown histologically in both…

Retrovir (AZT) Glaxo Wellcome Zidovudine Antiretroviral Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Zidovudine is a potent inhibitor of the in vitro replication of some retroviruses including human immunodeficiency virus, HIV. Zidovudine is a thymidine analogue in which the 3-hydroxy (-OH) group is replaced by an azido(-N3) group. Cellular thymidine kinase converts zidovudine into zidovudine monophosphate. The monophosphate is further converted into the diphosphate by cellular thymidylate kinase and to the triphosphate…

RESOURCE® JUST FOR KIDS Novartis Nutrition Therapeutic Nutrient Indications And Clinical Uses: A standard lactose-, gluten- and fiber-free liquid formula designed to meet the nutritional needs of children 1 to 12 years of age with normal gastrointestinal function. Appropriate for both oral or tube feeding use. Precautions: Not for parenteral administration. Not for patients with galactosemia. Dosage And Administration: 1 200 mL or 5 020 kJ (5.1 aseptic Tetra Brik…

RESOURCE® PLUS Novartis Nutrition Therapeutic Nutrient Indications And Clinical Uses: A high-calorie liquid preparation providing complete, balanced nutrition. Energy density is 1 490 kJ (355 kcal)/Tetra Pak and provides a concentrated source of calories in a limited volume for patients with high protein requirements. When utilized to provide total nutrition, Resource Plus can deliver high energy intakes required by hypermetabolic patients who are nutritionally depleted, and are unable to tolerate…

RESOURCE® Novartis Nutrition Therapeutic Nutrient Indications And Clinical Uses: A complete balanced low-residue liquid nutrition supplement for use in feeding situations where the patient’s diet requires support or where conditions preclude normal food intake. Precautions: Not for parenteral use. Shake Tetra Pak of liquid well before opening. Dosage And Administration: Oral: As a supplement with or between meals: 1 to 3 Tetra Paks daily, 1 050 to 3 150 kJ…