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QUADRACEL™ Connaught Component Pertussis Vaccine – Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoids Adsorbed Combined with Inactivated Poliomyelitis Vaccine Active Immunizing Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Immunization against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis and polio has been associated with a striking decrease in the incidence of morbidity and mortality from these diseases. Simultaneous vaccination with a combination vaccine containing pertussis, diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and poliomyelitis vaccines have been used in Canada since 1958. Diphtheria…

PROBETA® Allergan Levobunolol HCl – Dipivefrin HCl Glaucoma Therapy Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Probeta is a combination of levobunolol (a noncardioselective beta-adrenoceptor blocking agent) and dipivefrin (an adrenergic agonist) which acts to lower elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). Elevated IOP presents a major risk factor in glaucomatous field loss. The higher the level of IOP, the greater the likelihood of optic nerve damage and visual field loss. Poor ocular perfusion may…

PRINIVIL® MSD Lisinopril Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Lisinopril is an ACE inhibitor which is used in the treatment of hypertension, congestive heart failure and following myocardial infarction in hemodynamically stable patients. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is a peptidyl dipeptidase which catalyzes the conversion of angiotensin I to the pressor substance, angiotensin II. Inhibition of ACE results in decreased plasma angiotensin II, which leads to increased plasma…

PRINZIDE® MSD Lisinopril – Hydrochlorothiazide Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor – Diuretic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Prinzide combines the action of an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, lisinopril, and a diuretic, hydrochlorothiazide. Lisinopril: Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is a peptidyl dipeptidase which catalyzes the conversion of angiotensin I to the pressor substance, angiotensin II. Inhibition of ACE results in decreased plasma angiotensin II, which leads to increased plasma renin activity (due to…

PRO-LAX® Rivex Pharma Polyethylene Glycol 3350 – Electrolytes Laxative Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Pro-Lax contains PEG 3350, which is an inert, non-toxic, water-soluble polymer that acts as an osmotic agent. When administered as a solution, the PEG 3350 component of Pro-Lax prevents absorption by the intestinal tract of the portion of water ingested, thereby serving to hydrate and soften stools, and promote peristalsis. Pro-Lax does not affect electrolyte absorption in…

PRO-BANTHINE® Roberts Propantheline Bromide Anticholinergic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Propantheline bromide is a synthetic quaternary ammonium anticholinergic agent which inhibits gastrointestinal motility and spasm and diminishes gastric acid secretion. The drug also inhibits the action of acetylcholine at the postganglionic nerve endings of the parasympathetic nervous system. Its effects are similar to those of atropine although they last longer (6 hours). The antispasmodic effects on the gastrointestinal tract may occur…

PRIMACOR® Sanofi Milrinone Lactate Inotrope – Vasodilator Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Milrinone is a positive inotrope and vasodilator, with little chronotropic activity, different in structure and mode of action from either the digitalis glycosides or catecholamines. Milrinone, at relevant inotropic and vasorelaxant concentrations, is a selective inhibitor of peak III cAMP phosphodiesterase isozyme in cardiac and vascular muscle. This inhibitory action is consistent with cAMP mediated increases in intracellular ionized…

PRIMAQUINE Sanofi Primaquine Phosphate Antimalarial Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Primaquine is an 8-aminoquinoline compound which eliminates tissue (exo-erythrocytic) infection. Thereby, it prevents the development of the erythrocytic forms of the parasite which are responsible for relapses in vivax and ovale malaria. Primaquine phosphate is also active against gametocytes of P. falciparum. Indications And Clinical Uses: For the radical cure (prevention of relapse) of vivax and ovale malaria. Contra-Indications: In acutely…

PRIMENE® Clintec Amino Acids I.V. Nutritive Supplement Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Primene is a sterile, nonpyrogenic, hypertonic solution of essential and nonessential amino acids in a Pharmacy Bulk Package. A Pharmacy Bulk Package is a container of a sterile preparation for parenteral use in a pharmacy admixture program and is restricted to the preparation of admixtures for i.v. infusion. Primene provides a mixture of essential and nonessential amino acids as…

PRESUN® ULTRA 30 Preparations Westwood-Squibb Octyl Methoxycinnamate – Octyl Salicylate – Oxybenzone – Butyl Methoxydibenzoyl – Methane (Parsol® 1789) Sunscreen Indications And Clinical Uses: A waterproof, non-PABA sunscreen for extremely sun-sensitive patients, or those patients who exhibit a sensitivity to PABA or its esters. Offers maximum UVA and UVB sun protection. Regular usage may help prevent premature aging and wrinkling of the skin due to sun overexposure. Precautions: For external…