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HYTAKEROL® Sanofi Dihydrotachysterol Antitetany Steroid Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Dihydrotachysterol is hydroxylated in the liver to 25-hydroxydihydrotachysterol, which is the major circulating active form of the drug. It does not undergo further hydroxylation by the kidney and therefore is the analogue of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. Dihydrotachysterol is effective in the elevation of serum calcium by stimulating intestinal calcium absorption and mobilizing bone calcium in the absence of parathyroid hormone and of…

FLEXALL® STICK Chattem Menthol – Methyl Salicylate Topical Analgesic Indications And Clinical Uses: For temporary relief from minor arthritis pain, bursitis, tendonitis, backache, strains and sprains. Manufacturers’ Warnings In Clinical States: For external use only. Keep out of the reach of children. Keep away from eyes, mucous membranes, broken or irritated skin. If rash or excessive irritation occurs, discontinue use. If condition worsens or persists for more than 7 days,…

DEPAKENE® Abbott Valproic Acid Anticonvulsant Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Although valproic acid’s mechanism of action has not yet been established, the drug’s anticonvulsant activity may be related to increased brain concentrations of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). The effect on the neuronal membrane is unknown. Valproic acid is rapidly absorbed after oral administration. Peak serum levels occur approximately 1 to 4 hours after a single oral dose. The serum half-life of valproic…

CHOLECYSTOKININ Ferring Diagnostic Cholecystokinetic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a natural polypeptide, formed in the APUD cells of the proximal mucosa of the small intestine. It stimulates secretion of pancreatic digestive enzymes, the flow of bile and the secretion from the glands of Brunner. It stimulates contraction of the gallbladder, inhibits contraction of the lower esophageal sphincter and the sphincter of Oddi and increases motility of the stomach…

CYKLOKAPRON® Pharmacia & Upjohn Tranexamic Acid Antifibrinolytic Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Tranexamic acid produces an antifibrinolytic effect by competitively inhibiting the activation of plasminogen to plasmin. It is also a weak noncompetitive inhibitor of plasmin. These properties make possible its clinical use as an antifibrinolytic in the treatment of both general and local fibrinolytic hemorrhages. It has an action mechanism similar to, but about 10 times more potent in…

BRONKAID® MISTOMETER® Sanofi Epinephrine Bronchodilator Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Epinephrine is a sympathomimetic drug that acts on both alpha and beta receptors. Indications: For temporary relief of acute paroxysms of bronchial asthma. Manufacturers’ Warnings In Clinical States: For oral inhalation only. Do not use this product unless a diagnosis of asthma has been made by a physician, if you have heart disease, high blood pressure, thyroid disease, diabetes, or difficulty…

BECLODISK® BECLODISK® DISKHALER® Glaxo Wellcome Beclomethasone Dipropionate Corticosteroid for the Treatment of Bronchial Asthma Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Beclomethasone dipropionate is a potent anti-inflammatory steroid with strong topical and weak systemic activity. When inhaled at therapeutic dosages, it has a direct anti-inflammatory action on the bronchial mucosa. Since with therapeutic doses, the minute amounts absorbed do not exert any significant systemic effect, inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate can replace oral steroids with…

APO®-KETOCONAZOLE Apotex Ketoconazole Antifungal Action And Clinical Pharmacology: In vitro studies suggest that the antifungal properties of ketoconazole may be related to its ability to impair the synthesis of ergosterol, a component of fungal and yeast cell membranes. Without the availability of this essential sterol, there are morphological alterations of the fungal and yeast cell membranes manifested as abnormal membranous inclusions between the cell wall and the plasma membrane. The…

AMIKIN® Bristol Amikacin Sulfate Antibiotic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Amikacin is a semi-synthetic bactericidal aminoglycoside antibiotic affecting bacterial growth by specific inhibition of protein synthesis in susceptible bacteria and is active primarily against gram negative organisms, including Pseudomonas. A 30 g amikacin sensitivity disc should give a zone inhibition of 17 mm or greater to be sensitive, using the Kirby-Bauer method of disc sensitivity for the causative organism. The pharmacokinetics…

ALKERAN® Glaxo Wellcome Melphalan Antineoplastic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Melphalan is an alkylating agent of the bischloroethylamine type. As a result, its cytotoxicity appears to be related to the extent of its interstrand cross-linking with DNA, probably by binding at the Nposition of guanine. Like other bifunctional alkylating agents, it is active against both resting and rapidly dividing tumor cells. Pharmacokinetics: The pharmacokinetics of melphalan after i.v. administration have been…