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SYNTHROID® Knoll Levothyroxine Sodium Thyroid Hormone Action and Clinical The synthesis and secretion of the major thyroid hormones, L-thyroxine (T 4) and L-triiodothyronine (T 3), from the normally functioning thyroid gland are regulated by complex feedback mechanisms of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. The thyroid gland is stimulated to secrete thyroid hormones by the action of thyrotropin (thyroid stimulating hormone, TSH), which is produced in the anterior pituitary gland. TSH secretion is…

SYNPHASIC® Searle Norethindrone-Ethinyl Estradiol Oral Contraceptive Action and Clinical Estrogen-progestogen combinations act primarily through the mechanism of gonadotropin suppression due to the estrogenic and progestational activity of their components. Although the primary mechanism of action is inhibition of ovulation, alterations in the cervical mucus and the endometrium may also contribute to effectiveness.IndicationsIndications: Indications And Clinical Uses: Prevention of pregnancy. Contra-Indications: History of or actual thrombophlebitis or thromboembolic disorders; history of…

ROYCHLOR® Waymar Potassium Chloride Potassium Replacement Therapy Indications And Clinical Uses: The treatment of potassium depletion found in patients with hypokalemia and metabolic alkalosis, digitalis intoxication, inadequate dietary potassium intake and those patients receiving digitalis and diuretics, e.g. congestive heart failure, and hepatic cirrhosis with ascites. For treatment of hypertensive patients undergoing longterm diuretic therapy, hyperaldosteronism states with normal renal function, potassium losing nephropathy and certain diarrheal states. Contra-Indications: In…

ROYVAC® Waymar Magnesium Citrate – Bisacodyl Bowel Evacuant Indications And Clinical Uses: Preparation of the colon for radiology (prior to barium enemas or i.v. pyelograms) surgery and many proctological procedures. Precautions: Do not use any of these preparations when undiagnosed abdominal pain, nausea or vomiting are present. Frequent or prolonged use of these preparations may result in dependence on laxatives. Do not administer Royvac to persons who cannot swallow without…

RUBRAMIN® Squibb Vitamin B12 Hematopoietic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Vitamin B is essential for growth, cell reproduction, hematopoiesis, nucleoprotein and myelin synthesis. Within 48 hours after injection of 100 to 1 000 µg of vitamin B12, 50 to 98% of the injected dose may appear in the urine. The major portion is excreted within the first 8 hours. Indications And Clinical Uses: For vitamin B12 deficiency occurring in: pernicious anemia…

RYTHMODAN® RYTHMODAN®-LA Hoechst Marion Roussel Disopyramide Antiarrhythmic Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: In both animal and man the electrophysiological and hemodynamic effects of disopyramide are qualitatively similar to those of quinidine and procainamide. Although the exact mechanism of action has not been completely elucidated, it would appear from animal studies that disopyramide exerts its antiarrhythmic activity in the following manner: 1. Reduces automaticity in cardiac Purkinje fibers by depressing the…

ROGAINE® Pharmacia & Upjohn Minoxidil Hair Growth Stimulant Action And Clinical Pharmacology: When applied topically, minoxidil topical solution has been shown to stimulate hair growth in individuals with alopecia androgenetica (male pattern baldness). Although the exact mechanism of action of minoxidil in the treatment of alopecia androgenetica is not known, there may be more than one mechanism by which minoxidil stimulates hair growth; they include: vasodilation of the microcirculation around…

ROFERON®-A Roche Interferon alfa-2a Biological Response Modifier Action And Clinical Pharmacology: The mechanisms by which interferon alfa-2a, or any other interferon, exerts antitumor activity are not clearly understood. However, it is believed that the direct antiproliferative action against tumor cells and modulation of the host immune response play important roles in the antitumor activity. Interferon alfa-2a has been shown to exert antiproliferative activity against a variety of human tumors in…

ROGITINE® Novartis Pharmaceuticals Phentolamine Mesylate Alpha-adrenoreceptor Blocker Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Phentolamine produces an alpha-adrenergic block of relatively short duration. It also has direct but less marked positive inotropic and chronotropic effects on cardiac muscle and vasodilator effects on vascular smooth muscle. tag_IndicationsIndications Indications And Clinical Uses: Prevention and control of hypertensive episodes in patients with pheochromocytoma, preoperatively and during surgical excision. Prevention of dermal necrosis and sloughing following i.v….

ROVAMYCINE® Rhône-Poulenc Rorer Spiramycin Antibiotic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: It is active against the following gram-positive organisms: S. aureus (including penicillin resistant strains), beta-hemolytic streptococci, S. viridans, S. faecalis and S. pneumoniae, C. diphtheriae, clostridia. Except for B. pertussis, H. influenzae (approximately 50% of strains) and neisseria, gram-negative organisms are generally considered as resistant to spiramycin. Bacterial resistance to spiramycin has been reported to develop, including cross resistance between spiramycin…