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DANTRIUM® CAPSULES Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals Dantrolene Sodium Skeletal Muscle Relaxant Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Recordings of muscle tensions and electrical activity in both animal and man suggest that dantrolene has a direct inhibitory effect on the development of contractile tension. Spastic patients receiving dantrolene have shown a 40 to 70% reduction in the skeletal muscle tension induced by direct electrical stimulation of the motor nerve with no alteration of…

DANTRIUM® INTRAVENOUS Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals Dantrolene Sodium Management of Malignant Hyperthermia Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Dantrolene is a muscle relaxant acting specifically on skeletal muscles. In isolated muscle preparations, dantrolene uncouples the excitation and contraction of skeletal muscles, probably by interfering with the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. In the anesthetic induced malignant hyperthermia syndrome, evidence points to a predisposing intrinsic abnormality of muscle tissue. In affected…

DARAPRIM® Glaxo Wellcome Pyrimethamine Antimalarial Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Pyrimethamine is a folic acid antagonist and the rationale for its therapeutic action is based on the differential requirement between host and parasite for nucleic acid precursors involved in growth. This activity is highly selective against plasmodia and Toxoplasma gondii. Pyrimethamine does not destroy gametocytes, but arrests sporogony in the mosquito. Peak plasma levels are found between 2 and 4 hours…

DALACIN® C Pharmacia & Upjohn Clindamycin HCl Antibiotic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Clindamycin exerts its antibacterial effect by causing cessation of protein synthesis and also causing a reduction in the rate of synthesis of nucleic acids. In vitro studies indicate that clindamycin has antibacterial activity against sensitive gram-positive organisms. The spectrum of activity includes staphylococci (including penicillinase-producing and methicillin resistant strains), hemolytic streptococci, S. viridans and S. pneumoniae. In addition,…

DALACIN® C PHOSPHATE STERILE SOLUTION Pharmacia & Upjohn Clindamycin Phosphate Antibiotic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Following parenteral administration, biologically inactive clindamycin phosphate is rapidly hydrolyzed in plasma to active clindamycin. Clindamycin exerts its antibacterial effect by binding to the 50 S ribosomal subunit of susceptible bacteria, causing a reduction in the rate of synthesis of nucleic acid, and cessation of protein synthesis. Clindamycin is primarily bacteriostatic, but may be bactericidal…

DALACIN® T TOPICAL SOLUTION Pharmacia & Upjohn Clindamycin Phosphate Antibiotic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Clindamycin phosphate is inactive in vitro but in vivo hydrolysis converts this compound to the antibacterially active clindamycin. Clindamycin has been shown to have in vitro activity against isolates of P. acnes which may account for its usefulness in acne. Clindamycin activity has been demonstrated in serum, urine and in comedonal extracts from acne patients. The…

DALACIN® VAGINAL CREAM Pharmacia & Upjohn Clindamycin Phosphate Antibacterial Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Although clindamycin phosphate is inactive in vitro, in vivo hydrolysis converts this compound to the antibacterially-active clindamycin. Clindamycin inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by its action at the bacterial ribosome. The antibiotic preferentially binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit, and affects the process of peptide chain initiation. Clindamycin may inhibit the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA or inhibit the translocation…

DUVOID® Roberts Bethanechol Chloride Parasympathomimetic Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Bethanechol acts principally by producing the effects of stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system. It increases the tone of the detrusor urinae muscle, usually producing a contraction sufficiently strong to initiate micturition and empty the bladder. It stimulates gastric motility, increases gastric tone, and often restores rhythmic peristalsis. Stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system releases acetylcholine at the nerve endings….

DYAZIDE® SmithKline Beecham Triamterene – Hydrochlorothiazide Diuretic – Antihypertensive Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Dyazide is a combination of 2 diuretics with different but complementary modes of action. Diuretic activity following a single dose is evident within the first hour, reaches a peak at 2 to 3 hours, and tapers off during the subsequent 7 to 9 hours. Because of the potassium-conserving effect of its triamterene component, Dyazide reduces the risk…

DYRENIUM® SmithKline Beecham Triamterene Diuretic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Triamterene exerts its diuretic effect on the distal renal tubule to inhibit the reabsorption of sodium in exchange for potassium and hydrogen ions. This natriuretic activity is limited by the amount of sodium reaching its site of action. Although triamterene blocks the increase in this exchange, which is stimulated by mineralocorticoids (chiefly aldosterone), its action takes place through a direct effect…