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FLUPHENAZINE General Monograph Antipsychotic Pharmacology: Fluphenazine is a short-acting piperazine phenothiazine. Phenothiazines are thought to elicit their antipsychotic effects via interference with central dopaminergic pathways in the mesolimbic zone of the brain. Extrapyramidal side effects are a result of interaction with dopaminergic pathways in the basal ganglia. Fluphenazine has alpha adrenergic blocking activity and can cause orthostatic hypotension. Compared to other phenothiazines, fluphenazine has weak anticholinergic, sedative and hypotensive activity,…

FLOVENT® Glaxo Wellcome Fluticasone Propionate Corticosteroid Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Fluticasone is a highly potent glucocorticoid anti-inflammatory steroid with strong topical and negligible systemic activity. When administered by inhalation at therapeutic dosages, it has a direct potent anti-inflammatory action within the lungs, resulting in reduced symptoms and exacerbations of asthma without the adverse effects observed when corticosteroids are administered systemically. In comparisons with beclomethasone dipropionate, fluticasone propionate has demonstrated greater…

FLORINEF® Roberts Fludrocortisone Acetate Addison’s Disease Therapy Action And Clinical Pharmacology: The physiologic action of fludrocortisone is similar to that of hydrocortisone. However, the effects of fludrocortisone, particularly on electrolyte balance, but also on carbohydrate metabolism, are considerably heightened and prolonged. In small oral doses, fludrocortisone produces marked sodium retention and increased urinary potassium excretion. It also causes a rise in blood pressure, apparently because of these effects on electrolyte…

FLOXIN® Janssen-Ortho Ofloxacin Antibacterial Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Ofloxacin is a broad-spectrum, synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent for oral administration. Ofloxacin is thought to exert a bactericidal effect on susceptible bacterial cells by inhibiting the essential bacterial enzyme, DNA gyrase, a critical catalyst in the duplication, transcription and repair of bacteria. Pharmacokinetics: The pharmacokinetic profile of ofloxacin tablets is comparable to the profile of ofloxacin administered i.v. The bioavailability of ofloxacin…

FLUANXOL® DEPOT INJECTION FLUANXOL® TABLETS Lundbeck Flupenthixol Decanoate Flupenthixol Dihydrochloride Antipsychotic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Flupenthixol is the decanoate ester of a thioxanthene derivative with antipsychotic properties. The esterification of flupenthixol results in the slow release of the drug from the injection site with consequent prolongation of duration of action. The onset of action usually occurs in the range of 24 to 72 hours after injection and the improvement of…

FLEXERIL® Frosst Cyclobenzaprine HCl Skeletal Muscle Relaxant Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Cyclobenzaprine relieves skeletal muscle spasm of local origin without interfering with muscle function. It is ineffective in muscle spasm due to CNS disease. Controlled clinical studies show that cyclobenzaprine improves the signs and the symptoms of skeletal muscle spasm. Pharmacokinetics: Cyclobenzaprine is well absorbed in man. After oral or i.v. doses (10 mg) of 4-labeled cyclobenzaprine to human subjects,…

FLOLAN® Glaxo Wellcome Epoprostenol Sodium Vasodilator Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Epoprostenol, also known as prostacyclin, PGl2 or PGX, a metabolite of arachidonic acid, is a naturally occurring prostaglandin. Epoprostenol has two major pharmacological actions: (1) direct vasodilation of pulmonary and systemic arterial vascular beds, and (2) inhibition of platelet aggregation. In animals, the vasodilatory effects of epoprostenol reduce right and left ventricular afterload and increase cardiac output and stroke volume….

FLONASE® Glaxo Wellcome Fluticasone Propionate Corticosteroid for Nasal Use Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Fluticasone is a potent anti-inflammatory steroid with strong topical and weak systemic activity. When administered intranasally in therapeutic doses, it has a direct anti-inflammatory action on the nasal mucosa, the mechanism of which is not yet completely defined. The onset of action is not immediate, and 2 to 3 days treatment may be required before maximum relief…

FLOMAX® Boehringer Ingelheim Tamsulosin HCl Selective Antagonist of Alpha1A-adrenoceptor Subtype in the Prostate Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Tamsulosin, an alpha1-adrenoceptor blocking agent, exhibits selectivity for alpha1 receptors in the human prostate. At least 3 discrete alpha1-adrenoreceptor subtypes have been identified: alpha1A, alpha1B and alpha1D; their distribution differs between human organs and tissue. Approximately 70% of the alpha1-receptor in human prostate is of the alpha1A subtype. The symptoms associated with benign…

FLEET ENEMA® FLEET ENEMA® Mineral Oil Johnson & Johnson Merck Sodium Phosphates Mineral Oil Laxative Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Fleet Enema: Useful as a laxative in the relief of constipation, and as a bowel evacuant for a variety of diagnostic, surgical and therapeutic indications. Dibasic sodium phosphate and monobasic sodium phosphate are poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and retain water in the lumen of the intestine. When administered rectally…