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LOVENOX® Rhône-Poulenc Rorer Enoxaparin Sodium Anticoagulant – Antithrombotic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Enoxaparin is a low molecular weight heparin fragment, which is obtained by controlled depolymerization of natural heparin from porcine intestinal mucosa. It possesses antithrombotic action. Enoxaparin is composed of molecules with and without a specially characterized pentasaccharide, the antithrombin binding site, that is essential for high affinity binding to the plasma protein antithrombin (formerly referred to as antithrombin…

LOXAPAC® Wyeth-Ayerst Loxapine Antipsychotic Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Loxapine, a tricyclic dibenzoxazepine antipsychotic agent, which is chemically distinct from the phenothiazines, thioxanthenes and butyrophenones, produces pharmacological responses in various animal species which are characteristic of those seen with the majority of antipsychotic drugs. Loxapine is an antipsychotic drug which exhibits many of the actions common to this broad class of drugs. Loxapine has proven to be of value in…

LOPRESOR® Novartis Pharmaceuticals Metoprolol Tartrate Beta-Adrenergic Receptor Blocking Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Metoprolol is a b-adrenergic receptor-blocking agent. In vitro and in vivo animal studies have shown that it has a preferential effect on the b1-adrenoreceptors, chiefly located in cardiac muscle. This preferential effect is not absolute, however, and at higher doses, metoprolol also inhibits b2-adrenoreceptors, chiefly located in the bronchial and vascular musculature. Metoprolol has no membrane-stabilizing or…

LOPID® Parke-Davis Gemfibrozil Antihyperlipidemic Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Gemfibrozil is a lipid regulating agent which decreases serum triglycerides and total cholesterol, and increases high density lipoprotein cholesterol. The lipid-lowering changes occur primarily in the very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) fraction (Sf 20 to 400) rich in triglycerides and to a lesser extent in the low density lipoprotein (LDL) fraction (Sf0 to 20) rich in cholesterol. Gemfibrozil treatment of patients…

LOPROX® Hoechst Marion Roussel Ciclopirox Olamine Topical Antifungal Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Ciclopirox is a synthetic broad spectrum antifungal agent that inhibits the growth of pathogenic dermatophytes, yeasts, and M. furfur. It exhibits fungicidal activity in vitro against isolates of T. rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, E. floccosum, M. canis and C. albicans. The mode of action of ciclopirox olamine was studied mainly in C. albicans. It is presumed that ciclopirox mediated…

LOSEC® Astra Omeprazole Magnesium H KATPase Inhibitor Note: When used in combination with amoxicillin, clarithromycin or metronidazole, the product monographs for those agents must be consulted and followed. Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Omeprazole inhibits the gastric enzyme H KATPase (the proton pump) which catalyzes the exchange of Hand K It is effective in the inhibition of both basal acid secretion and stimulated acid secretion. The inhibition is dose dependent. Daily…

LOFENALAC® Mead Johnson Phenylketonuria Therapy Indications And Clinical Uses: For use as basic food in low phenylalanine dietary management of infants and children with phenylketonuria. Contra-Indications: Should not be used except for children with phenylketonuria. Precautions: Phenylalanine intake must be carefully controlled to prevent excessive blood levels and urinary excretion, and still provide enough for growth. Phenylalanine blood levels should be determined regularly. Physical and mental development should be carefully…

LOESTRIN™ 1.5/30 Parke-Davis Norethindrone Acetate – Ethinyl Estradiol Oral Contraceptive Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Loestrin 1.5/30 achieves its contraceptive effect primarily by inhibition of ovulation through gonadotrophin suppression. It is well-established that oral contraceptives containing estrogen and progestogen affect hypothalamic, pituitary and ovarian functions. They may alter many other physiological systems. Although the exact mechanisms of action are incompletely understood, there is universal agreement that the inhibition of the ovulatory…

LONITEN® Pharmacia & Upjohn Minoxidil Antihypertensive Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Minoxidil is an orally effective direct acting peripheral vasodilator that reduces elevated systolic and diastolic blood pressure by decreasing peripheral vascular resistance. Minoxidil does not directly stimulate the heart or electrolyte reabsorption by the kidney. However, because of peripheral dilatation, minoxidil elicits a reflex mediated increase in cardiac output, salt and water retention, and a rise in plasma renin activity….

LOMOTIL® Searle Diphenoxylate HCl – Atropine Sulfate Antidiarrheal Action And Clinical Pharmacology: The mode of action of diphenoxylate in the bowel is similar to that of morphine and related drugs. Gastrointestinal propulsion is inhibited through a direct action on the smooth muscle, resulting in a decrease in peristaltic action and a consequent increase in transit time. tag_IndicationsIndications Indications And Clinical Uses: As an adjunct in the management of diarrhea. Bacterially-induced…