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AMSA P-D™ Parke-Davis Amsacrine Antineoplastic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Amsacrine is a potent cytotoxic agent. In in vitro studies, the LD50 against cultured L1210 cells is 0.04 µg/mL and 0.2 µg/mL against cultured Novikoff cells at 6 hours. Higher concentrations or longer exposure produce cell destruction. A 3 hour exposure of Novikoff cells to 2 µg of AMSA P-D indicated 62% inhibition of DNA synthesis (incorporation of radioactive thymidine) while…

AMINO-CERV Milex Amino Acids – Sodium Propionate – Urea Cervical Therapy Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Methionine and cystine are amino-acids necessary for wound healing and forming of epithelial tissue. Inositol acts as an essential growth factor and promotes epithelialization. Urea aids in debridement, dissolves the coagulum and promotes epithelialization. Its solvent action on fibroblasts prevents the formation of excessive tissue, thus preventing stenosis when used as directed. Benzalkonium chloride serves…

AMINOHIPPURATE SODIUM MSD Determination of Renal Function Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Aminohippurate Sodium (PAH) is filtered by the glomeruli and is actively secreted by the proximal tubules. At low plasma concentrations (1 to 2 mg/100 mL), an average of 90% of PAH is cleared by the kidneys from the renal blood stream in a single circulation. It is ideally suited for measurement of ERPF since it has a high clearance,…

AMITRIPTYLINE Antidepressant Pharmacology: Amitriptyline is a tertiary amine tricyclic antidepressant. The manner in which the tricyclic antidepressants exert their clinical antidepressant effect is uncertain but they have been shown to block, in different degrees, the reuptake of various neurotransmitters including serotonin and norepinephrine at the neuronal membrane. This action potentiates the effects of these neurotransmitters. Amitriptyline exhibits strong anticholinergic activity, cardiovascular effects including orthostatic hypotension, changes in heart rhythm and…

AMATINE® Knoll Midodrine HCl Vasopressor Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Midodrine is a postsynaptic alpha adrenergic receptor stimulant with little effect on the beta-adrenergic receptors in the heart. The actions of midodrine on the cardiovascular and other organ systems are essentially identical with those of other alpha-adrenergic receptor stimulants, such as phenylephrine or methoxamine. The most prominent effects of midodrine are on the cardiovascular system, consisting of a rise in systolic…

AMERGE® Glaxo Wellcome Naratriptan HCl 5-HT1 Receptor Agonist – Migraine Therapy Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Naratriptan has been demonstrated to be a selective agonist for a vascular 5-hydroxytryptamine1 receptor subtype (probably a member of the 5-HT1B/1D family) with little or no binding affinity for 5-HT2/3 receptor subtypes, alpha1-, alpha2-, or beta-adrenergic; dopamine1; dopamine2; muscarinic; or benzodiazepine receptors. Naratriptan did not exhibit agonist or antagonist activity in ex vivo assays of…

AMETOP™ Smith & Nephew Tetracaine HCl Topical Anesthetic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Tetracaine is a local anesthetic of the ester type (para-amino benzoic acid derivative). Ametop has been formulated as the free base to allow the tetracaine to diffuse across the skin barrier and reach the pain receptors (nociceptors) located just below the stratum corneum. It acts by inhibiting sodium ion flux across the axon membrane thus preventing the nociceptors…

ALPHAGAN™ Allergan Brimonidine Tartrate Elevated Intraocular Pressure Therapy Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Mechanism of Action: Brimonidine is a relatively selective alpha adrenergic receptor agonist that in radioligand binding assays and in functional assays, is approximately 1 000 times more selective for the alpha-2 adrenoceptor than the alpha-1 adrenoceptor. This selectivity results in the absence of vasoconstriction in microvessels associated with human retinal xenografts. Topical administration of brimonidine decreases intraocular pressure…

ALUPENT® Preparations Boehringer Ingelheim Orciprenaline Sulfate Bronchodilator Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Orciprenaline is a bronchodilating agent. The bronchospasm associated with various pulmonary diseases – chronic bronchitis, pulmonary emphysema, bronchial asthma, silicosis, tuberculosis, sarcoidosis and carcinoma of the lung, has been successfully reversed by therapy with orciprenaline. Orciprenaline has the following major characteristics: The action of orciprenaline is one of beta stimulation. Receptor sites in the bronchi and bronchioles are more…

ALTACE® Hoechst Marion Roussel Ramipril Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Ramipril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, which is used in the treatment of essential hypertension, and following acute myocardial infarction in stabilized patients with clinically confirmed heart failure. Following oral administration, ramipril is rapidly hydrolyzed to ramiprilat, its principal active metabolite. Angiotensin-converting enzyme catalyzes the conversion of angiotensin I to the vasoconstrictor substance, angiotensin II. Angiotensin…