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HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE General Monograph, Diuretic – Antihypertensive Pharmacology: Hydrochlorothiazide inhibits reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the distal tubule thus promoting water loss. The higher urine volume increases potassium loss; this loss can often be decreased by restricting sodium intake. Oral doses are well absorbed and reach peak effect in about 4 hours, with a 6 to 12 hour duration. It is excreted unchanged in the urine with a half-life of…

HydroDIURIL® MSD Hydrochlorothiazide Diuretic – Antihypertensive Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Hydrochlorothiazide is a diuretic and antihypertensive. Hydrochlorothiazide interferes with the renal tubular mechanism of electrolyte reabsorption. It increases excretion of sodium and chloride in approximately equivalent amounts. Natriuresis may be accompanied by some loss of potassium, magnesium and bicarbonate. Urinary calcium excretion may be decreased. While this compound is predominantly a saluretic agent, in vitro studies have shown that it…

HYCOMINE® HYCOMINE®-S DuPont Pharma Hydrocodone Compound Antitussive – Antihistaminic – Decongestant Action And Clinical Pharmacology: See Hycodan for pharmacology of hydrocodone. Pyrilamine maleate is a competitive H1-receptor histamine-blocking drug, thereby counteracting the effects of histamine release associated with allergic manifestations of upper respiratory tract inflammatory disorders. H1-blocking drugs inhibit the actions of histamine on smooth muscle, capillary permeability, and can both stimulate and depress the CNS. Phenylephrine HCl effects its…

HYCAMTIN™ SmithKline Beecham Topotecan HCl Antineoplastic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Topotecan inhibits topoisomerase-I, an enzyme that functions in DNA replication to relieve the torsional strain introduced ahead of the moving replication fork. Topotecan inhibits topoisomerase-I by stabilizing the covalent complex of enzyme and strand-cleaved DNA which is an intermediate of the catalytic mechanism, thereby inducing breaks in the protein-associated DNA single-strands, resulting in cell death. Pharmacokinetics: Following i.v. administration of…

HYCODAN® DuPont Pharma Hydrocodone Bitartrate Antitussive Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Clinical trials have proven hydrocodone bitartrate to be an effective antitussive agent which is pharmacologically 2 to 8 times as potent as codeine. At equi-effective doses, its sedative action is greater than that of codeine. The precise mechanisms of action of hydrocodone and other opiates are not known; however, hydrocodone is believed to act by directly depressing the cough centre….

HUMATIN™ Parke-Davis Paromomycin Sulfate Antibiotic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Paromomycin is a broad spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotic produced by S. rimosus var. paromomycinus. The drug is structurally related to neomycin, streptomycin and kanamycin. It is poorly absorbed after oral administration with almost 100% of the drug recoverable in the stool. Paromomycin is considered a luminal or contact amebicide since it acts principally in the intestinal lumen. Unlike tetracyclines, paromomycin is a…

HOMATROPINE General Monograph, Mydriatic – Cycloplegic – Anticholinergic Homatropine HBr is a tertiary amine anticholinergic agent used topically to produce mydriasis and cycloplegia. It blocks the responses of the iris sphincter and ciliary muscle to cholinergic stimuli. Homatropine is less potent than atropine and has a shorter duration of action. Complete cycloplegia is not usually attainable. The maximum mydriatic effect occurs in about 10 to 30 minutes, and the maximum…

HIVID® Roche Zalcitabine Antiretroviral Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Zalcitabine is a synthetic nucleoside analogue of the naturally occurring nucleoside 2-deoxycytidine in which the 3-hydroxyl group is replaced by hydrogen. Within cells, zalcitabine is converted to the active metabolite, dideoxycytidine 5-triphosphate (ddCTP), by cellular enzymes. ddCTP serves as an alternative substrate to deoxycytidine triphosphate (dCTP) for HIV-reverse transcriptase and inhibits the in vitro replication of HIV-1 by inhibition of viral…

HIBIDIL® 1:2000 Zeneca Chlorhexidine Gluconate Antiseptic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Chlorhexidine is effective against a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive vegetative bacteria, yeasts, dermatophyte fungi and lipophilic viruses. It is inactive against bacterial spores except at elevated temperatures. Because of its cationic nature, chlorhexidine binds strongly to skin, mucosa and other tissues and is thus very poorly absorbed. No detectable blood levels have been found in man following oral…

Brand Names: HIBITANE® Skin Cleanser Manufacturer: Zeneca Generic Name: Chlorhexidine Gluconate Use: Antibacterial Skin Cleanser Action And Clinical Pharmacology Chlorhexidine is effective against a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive vegetative bacteria, yeasts, dermatophyte fungi and lipophilic viruses. It is inactive against bacterial spores except at elevated temperatures. Because of its cationic nature, chlorhexidine binds strongly to skin, mucosa and other tissues and is thus very poorly absorbed. No detectable blood levels have…