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ISOPTIN® SR Knoll Verapamil HCl Antihypertensive Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Verapamil is a calcium ion influx inhibitor (calcium entry blocker or calcium ion antagonist) that exerts its pharmacological effects by modulating the influx of ionic calcium across the cell membrane of the arterial smooth muscle as well as in conducting and contractile myocardial cells. Verapamil exerts antihypertensive effects by inducing vasodilation and reducing peripheral vascular resistance usually without reflex…

ISOCAL® Mead Johnson Therapeutic Nutrient Indications And Clinical Uses: Nutritionally complete and well-balanced to provide the total dietary needs of most tube-fed patients. Precautions: Give additional water as needed to meet the patient’s requirements. Particular attention should be given to water supply for comatose and unconscious patients and others who cannot express the usual sensations of thirst. Additional water is important also when renal concentrating ability is impaired, when there…

ISOCAL® with Fibre Mead Johnson Therapeutic Nutrient Indications And Clinical Uses: A complete liquid diet formulated to provide the nutrient density of Isocal with the associated advantages of fibre. Precautions: Give additional water as needed to meet the patient’s requirements. Particular attention should be given to water supply for comatose and unconscious patients and others who cannot express the usual sensations of thirst. Additional water is important also when renal…

ISOCAL® HN Mead Johnson Therapeutic Nutrient Indications And Clinical Uses: A complete liquid diet formulated to provide well balanced nutrition when used as the sole source of nourishment, particularly in tube fed patients who have normal digestive function. The non-protein-calorie-to-nitrogen ratio of Isocal HN is indicated for patients with burns, sepsis, major injury and surgery. When protein needs are increased with increasing levels of stress; e.g., protein requirement for basic…

IONAMIN® Rhône-Poulenc Rorer Phentermine (Resin Complex) Anorexiant Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Phentermine is a sympathomimetic amine with pharmacologic activity similar to the prototype drug of this class used in obesity, amphetamine (d- and dl-amphetamine). Actions include CNS stimulation and elevation of blood pressure. Tachyphylaxis and tolerance have been demonstrated with all drugs of this class in which these phenomena have been looked for. Drugs of this class used in obesity…

IOPIDINE® 1% IOPIDINE® 0.5% Alcon Apraclonidine HCl Controls Postsurgical Intraocular Pressure Glaucoma Therapy Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Apraclonidine is a relatively selective alpha adrenergic agonist and does not have significant membrane stabilizing (local anesthetic) activity. When instilled into the eye, apraclonidine has the action of reducing intraocular pressure. The precise mechanism of the ocular hypotensive action of apraclonidine is not completely established at this time. Aqueous fluorophotometry studies in man…

IPECAC SYRUP General Monograph, Emetic Pharmacology: Ipecac induces vomiting by both gastric irritation and central stimulation of the chemoreceptor trigger zone. Approximately 95% of patients vomit within 15 to 30 minutes of administration of a therapeutic dose and vomiting usually persists for 30 minutes to 2 hours. Approximately 28 to 60% of an ingested toxin will be removed by emesis if ipecac is given within 5 minutes following ingestion of…

INTROPIN® DuPont Pharma Dopamine HCl Sympathomimetic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Dopamine exerts an inotropic effect on the myocardium resulting in an increased cardiac output. Dopamine produces less increase in myocardial oxygen consumption than isoproterenol and its use is usually not associated with a tachyarrhythmia. Clinical studies indicate that dopamine at low and intermediate therapeutic doses usually increases systolic and pulse pressure with either no effect or a slight increase in…

INOCOR® Sanofi Amrinone Lactate Inotrope – Vasodilator Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Amrinone is a positive inotropic agent with vasodilatory activity, different in structure and mode of action from either digitalis glycosides or catecholamines. Its mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated. Experimental evidence indicates that it is not a beta-adrenergic agonist. It inhibits myocardial cyclic adenosine monophosphate phosphodiesterase (c-AMPase) activity and increases cellular levels of c-AMP. Unlike digoxin, it…

INTAL® SPINCAPS® INTAL® NEBULIZER SOLUTION Rh´ne-Poulenc Rorer Sodium Cromoglycate Bronchial Asthma Prophylaxis Action And Clinical Pharmacology: In vitro and in vivo animal studies have shown that sodium cromoglycate inhibits sensitized mast cell degranulation which occurs after exposure to specific antigens. Sodium cromoglycate acts by inhibiting the release of mediators from mast cells. Studies show that sodium cromoglycate indirectly blocks calcium ions from entering the mast cell, thereby preventing mediator release….