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LEVOVIST® Berlex Canada Galactose – Palmitic Acid Ultrasound Contrast Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Levovist is an ultrasound contrast agent consisting of granules which are composed of 99.9% galactose and 0.1% palmitic acid. Prior to use, Levovist must be reconstituted with sterilized water for injections and shaken vigorously by hand for 5 to 10 seconds. After injection of the suspension into a peripheral vein, Levovist leads to temporarily enhanced ultrasound…

LEUCOVORIN CALCIUM INJECTION Faulding Citrovorum Factor Folic Acid Derivative Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Leucovorin is a reduced form of folic acid, which is readily converted to other reduced folic acid derivatives (e.g., tetra-hydrofolate). Because it does not require reduction by dihydrofolate reductase as does folic acid, leucovorin is not affected by blockages of this enzyme by folic acid antagonists (dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors). This allows purine and thymidine synthesis, and thus…

LEUKERAN® Glaxo Wellcome Chlorambucil Antineoplastic Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Chlorambucil is an aromatic nitrogen mustard derivative which acts as a bifunctional alkylating agent. Alkylation takes place through the formation of a highly reactive ethylenimonium radical. A probable mode of action involves cross-linkage of the ethylenimonium derivative between two strands of helical DNA and subsequent interference with replication. After oral administration of carbon-14 labelled chlorambucil, maximum plasma radioactivity occurs between…

LEUSTATIN® Janssen-Ortho Cladribine Antineoplastic – Chemotherapeutic Agent Warning: Cladribine should be administered under the supervision of a qualified physician experienced in the use of antineoplastic therapy. Suppression of bone marrow function should be anticipated. This is usually reversible and appears to be dose-dependent. Significant and prolonged lymphopenia has been noted. Serious neurological toxicity (including irreversible paraparesis and quadriparesis) has been reported in patients who received cladribine injection by continuous infusion…

LEVAQUIN® Janssen-Ortho Levofloxacin Antibacterial Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Levofloxacin is a synthetic broad spectrum antibacterial agent for oral and i.v. administration. Levofloxacin is the l-isomer of the racemate, ofloxacin, a quinolone antibacterial agent. The antibacterial activity of ofloxacin resides primarily in the l-isomer. The mechanism of action of levofloxacin and other quinolone antibacterials involves inhibition of DNA gyrase (bacterial topoisomerase II), an enzyme required for DNA replication, transcription, repair and…

LEDERLE LEUCOVORIN® CALCIUM Wyeth-Ayerst Citrovorum Factor Folic Acid Derivative Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Lederle Leucovorin Calcium (calcium folinate), the calcium salt of folinic acid (citrovorum factor), is a mixture of the diastereoisomers of the 5-formyl derivative of tetrahydrofolic acid. The biologically active compound of the mixture is the (-)-L-isomer. It is a metabolite of folic acid and an essential coenzyme for nucleic acid synthesis. Leucovorin is a reduced form of…

LESCOL® Novartis Pharmaceuticals Fluvastatin Sodium Lipid Metabolism Regulator Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Fluvastatin is a fully synthetic HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor and is hydrophilic. Fluvastatin is a racemate of two erythro enantiomers of which one exerts the pharmacological activity. Fluvastatin is a competitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase, which is responsible for the conversion of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) to mevalonate, a precursor of sterols, including cholesterol. The inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis reduces…

LACRISERT® MSD Hydroxypropyl Cellulose Ophthalmic Insert Indications And Clinical Uses: In patients with moderate to severe dry eye syndromes, including keratoconjunctivitis sicca, especially in patients who remain symptomatic after an adequate trial of therapy with artificial tear solutions. Exposure keratitis. Decreased corneal sensitivity. Contra-Indications: Hypersensitivity to hydroxypropyl cellulose. Precautions: Instructions for inserting and removing Lacrisert should be carefully followed. Occupational Hazards: Because this product may produce transient blurring of vision,…

LACTAID® McNeil Consumer Products Lactase Enzyme Lactose Digestant Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Converts the disaccharide lactose via hydrolysis into its monosaccharide components, glucose and galactose. Tablets: In vivo activity has been demonstrated with drug administration at time of milk consumption and at time of consumption of other lactose containing solid and liquid foods. Drops: Fifteen drops will hydrolyze nearly all of the lactose in 1 L of milk at refrigerator…

LACTRASE® Rivex Pharma Lactase Lactose Digestant Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Lactose is a nonabsorbable disaccharide found as a common constituent in most dairy products. Under normal conditions, dietary lactose is hydrolyzed in the jejunum and proximal ileum by beta-D-galactosidase or lactase. Lactase is produced in the brush border of the columnar epithelial cells of the intestinal villi. Lactase hydrolyzes lactose into 2 monosaccharides, glucose and galactose, that are readily absorbed…