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QUINTASA® Ferring 5-Aminosalicylic Acid Lower Gastrointestinal Anti-inflammatory Action And Clinical Pharmacology: 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) has been recognized as the therapeutically active moiety of sulfasalazine, a drug used to treat inflammatory bowel disease. 5-ASA has in vitro and in vivo pharmacologic effects that decrease leukotriene production, scavenge for free radicals and inhibit leukocyte chemotaxis. While its exact mode of action is currently unknown, any of these biochemical mechanisms may play a…

RAFTON® Liquid RAFTON® Tablets Ferring Alginic Acid Compound Gastroesophageal Reflux Therapy Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Rafton forms a protective neutralizing foam barrier in the stomach that effectively stops the upward flow of stomach acids into the esophagus providing fast relief of heartburn. Indications And Clinical Uses: For the effective relief of day or night-time heartburn or for discomfort of the esophagus due to upward flow of stomach acids. Precautions: Each…

RAXAR™ Glaxo Wellcome Grepafloxacin HCl Antibacterial Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Grepafloxacin is a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic. It has in vitro activity against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic microorganisms, as well as some atypical microorganisms. Grepafloxacin exerts its antibacterial activity by inhibiting bacterial topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) and topoisomerase IV, essential enzymes for duplication, transcription, and repair of bacterial DNA. Grepafloxacin is bactericidal at concentrations equal to or…

QUESTRAN® QUESTRAN® LIGHT Bristol Cholestyramine Resin Antidiarrheal – Antihypercholesterolemic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Cholestyramine is a quarternary ammonium anion exchange resin with a polystyrene polymer skeleton. As the chloride salt, it binds bile acids both in vitro and in vivo, exchanging chloride for bile acid. Cholesterol is probably the sole precursor of bile acids. During normal digestion, bile acids are secreted into the intestines. A major portion of the bile…

QUINATE Rougier Quinidine Gluconate Antiarrhythmic Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Quinidine depresses excitability, conduction velocity and contractility of most cardiac tissues by a direct action on cardiac cells. Indirectly, cardiac tissues will also be affected by the anticholinergic and a-adrenoceptor blocking properties of quinidine. According to Vaughan Williams-Harrison antiarrhythmic drug classification, quinidine is a Class IA agent. Thus, quinidine reduces the maximal rate of phase 0 depolarization, prolongs repolarization and…

QUADRACEL™ Connaught Component Pertussis Vaccine – Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoids Adsorbed Combined with Inactivated Poliomyelitis Vaccine Active Immunizing Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Immunization against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis and polio has been associated with a striking decrease in the incidence of morbidity and mortality from these diseases. Simultaneous vaccination with a combination vaccine containing pertussis, diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and poliomyelitis vaccines have been used in Canada since 1958. Diphtheria…

PROBETA® Allergan Levobunolol HCl – Dipivefrin HCl Glaucoma Therapy Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Probeta is a combination of levobunolol (a noncardioselective beta-adrenoceptor blocking agent) and dipivefrin (an adrenergic agonist) which acts to lower elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). Elevated IOP presents a major risk factor in glaucomatous field loss. The higher the level of IOP, the greater the likelihood of optic nerve damage and visual field loss. Poor ocular perfusion may…

PRINZIDE® MSD Lisinopril – Hydrochlorothiazide Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor – Diuretic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Prinzide combines the action of an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, lisinopril, and a diuretic, hydrochlorothiazide. Lisinopril: Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is a peptidyl dipeptidase which catalyzes the conversion of angiotensin I to the pressor substance, angiotensin II. Inhibition of ACE results in decreased plasma angiotensin II, which leads to increased plasma renin activity (due to…

PRO-LAX® Rivex Pharma Polyethylene Glycol 3350 – Electrolytes Laxative Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Pro-Lax contains PEG 3350, which is an inert, non-toxic, water-soluble polymer that acts as an osmotic agent. When administered as a solution, the PEG 3350 component of Pro-Lax prevents absorption by the intestinal tract of the portion of water ingested, thereby serving to hydrate and soften stools, and promote peristalsis. Pro-Lax does not affect electrolyte absorption in…

PRIMACOR® Sanofi Milrinone Lactate Inotrope – Vasodilator Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Milrinone is a positive inotrope and vasodilator, with little chronotropic activity, different in structure and mode of action from either the digitalis glycosides or catecholamines. Milrinone, at relevant inotropic and vasorelaxant concentrations, is a selective inhibitor of peak III cAMP phosphodiesterase isozyme in cardiac and vascular muscle. This inhibitory action is consistent with cAMP mediated increases in intracellular ionized…