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AKINETON® Knoll Biperiden HCl Anticholinergic – Antiparkinson Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Biperiden is an anticholinergic agent which acts primarily on the CNS. Parkinsonism is thought to result from an imbalance between the excitatory (cholinergic) and inhibitory (dopaminergic) systems. Accordingly, the mechanism of action of centrally active anticholinergic drugs, such as biperiden, is considered to relate to competitive antagonism of acetylcholine at the cholinergic receptors in the corpus striatum, which…

ADVANTAGE 24™ Roberts Nonoxynol-9 Vaginal Contraceptive Gel Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Nonoxynol-9 (paranonyl-phenoxypolyethoxyethanol) is a commonly used spermicidal agent. Nonoxynol-9 is responsible for cell membrane breakage; it decreases surface tension and kills epithelial cells. The vaginal contraceptive gel is a new gel designed to provide a steady release of nonoxynol-9 after a single vaginal application. Commonly available spermicidal formulations must be used close to the time of intercourse if they…

ADVIL® Whitehall-Robins Ibuprofen Analgesic – Antipyretic Indications And Clinical Uses: Adults and Children over 12: For fast and effective relief of headaches, toothache and menstrual pain, and for minor aches and pain associated with arthritis, muscles, joints and backache, and for reduction of fever. Children 12 and under: For fever and pain due to colds, sore throat, immunizatin and earache. Contra-Indications: Hypersensitivity to ibuprofen. Patients with active peptic ulcers or…

AGRYLIN™ Roberts Anagrelide HCl Platelet-reducing Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: The mechanism by which anagrelide reduces blood platelet count is still under investigation. Studies in patients support a hypothesis of dose-related reduction in platelet production resulting from a decrease in megakaryocyte hypermaturation. In blood withdrawn from normal volunteers treated with anagrelide, a disruption was found in the postmitotic phase of megakaryocyte development and a reduction in megakaryocyte size and ploidy….

ADEKs® Pediatric Drops ADEKs® Tablets Axcan Pharma Multiple Vitamins – Zinc Sulfate Multiple Vitamins – Zinc Oxide Multiple Vitamin – Mineral Supplement Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Deficiencies of one or more of the fat-soluble vitamins may occur in the presence of steatorrhea or other malabsorption, hepatic dysfunction, protein malnutrition, zinc deficiency, and very low fat diets. As with all vitamins, adequate levels are essential to good health and proper growth….

ADALAT® Bayer Nifedipine Antianginal Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Nifedipine is a calcium ion influx inhibitor (calcium entry blocker or calcium ion antagonist). The antianginal effect of this group of drugs is believed to be related to its specific cellular action of selectively inhibiting transmembrane influx of calcium ions into cardiac muscle and vascular smooth muscle. The contractile processes of these tissues are dependent upon the movement of extracellular calcium into…

ADALAT® PA 10 ADALAT® PA 20 Bayer Nifedipine Antihypertensive Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Nifedipine is a calcium ion influx inhibitor (calcium channel blocker or calcium ion antagonist). The antihypertensive action of this group of drugs is believed to be related to its specific cellular action of selectively inhibiting transmembrane influx of calcium ions into vascular smooth muscles. The contractile processes of vascular smooth muscle are dependent upon the movement of…

ADALAT® XL® Bayer Nifedipine Antianginal – Antihypertensive System Components and Performance: Adalat XL extended release tablets, while similar in appearance to a conventional tablet, nonetheless consist of a semipermeable membrane surrounding an osmotically active drug core. The core itself is divided into 2 layers: an “active” layer containing the drug, and a “push” layer containing pharmacologically inert, but osmotically active components. As water from the gastrointestinal tract enters the tablet,…

ADEKs® Pediatric Drops ADEKs® Tablets Axcan Pharma Multiple Vitamins – Zinc Sulfate Multiple Vitamins – Zinc Oxide Multiple Vitamin – Mineral Supplement Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Deficiencies of one or more of the fat-soluble vitamins may occur in the presence of steatorrhea or other malabsorption, hepatic dysfunction, protein malnutrition, zinc deficiency, and very low fat diets. As with all vitamins, adequate levels are essential to good health and proper growth….

ABBOKINASE® Abbott Urokinase Fibrinolytic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Urokinase acts on the endogenous fibrinolytic system. It converts plasminogen to the enzyme plasmin. Plasmin degrades fibrin clots as well as fibrinogen. I.V. infusion of urokinase in doses recommended for lysis of pulmonary embolism is followed by increased fibrinolytic activity. This effect disappears within a few hours after discontinuation, but a decrease in plasma levels of fibrinogen and plasminogen and an increase…