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Introduction Avlosulfon (Dapsone) is an oral medication used to treat a certain type of skin disorder (dermatitis herpetiformis). As an anti-infective medicine, it can sometimes be used for other purposes. Indications And Clinical Uses Leprosy; Dermatitis herpetiformis; Actinomycotic mycetoma. Contraindications Sulfones are contraindicated in patients with advanced amyloidosis of the kidneys. Precautions Dapsone should be used with caution in patients with cardiac, pulmonary, hepatic or renal disease. Routine hematologic analysis should…

AXID® Lilly Nizatidine Histamine H2 Receptor Antagonist Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Nizatidine is a competitive, reversible inhibitor of the histamine H2 receptor of gastric-acid secreting cells. Nizatidine is not an anticholinergic agent. It inhibits nocturnal gastric-acid secretion and gastric-acid secretion stimulated by food, caffeine, betazole and pentagastrin. Pepsin output is reduced in proportion to the reduced volume of gastric secretions. Nizatidine has little or no effect on basal serum gastrin…

ATROVENT® Inhalation Aerosol Boehringer Ingelheim Ipratropium Bromide Bronchodilator Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Ipratropium, a quaternary ammonium derivative of atropine is an anticholinergic drug having bronchodilator properties. On inhalation the onset of action is noted within 5 to 15 minutes with a peak response between 1 and 2 hours, lasting about 2 additional hours with subsequent decline. An inhaled dose of 40 g induces bronchodilator effect lasting for some 6 hours….

ATROVENT® Nasal Spray Boehringer Ingelheim Ipratropium Bromide Topical Anticholinergic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Ipratropium, a quaternary ammonium derivative of atropine, is an anticholinergic drug. Ipratropium administered intranasally has a localized parasympathetic blocking action which reduces watery hypersecretion from mucosal glands in the nose. Two nasal provocation trials in perennial rhinitis patients (n=44) using ipratropium nasal spray showed a dose-dependent increase in inhibition of methacholine-induced nasal secretion with an onset of…

ATROVENT® Inhalation Solution Boehringer Ingelheim Ipratropium Bromide Bronchodilator Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Ipratropium, a quaternary ammonium derivative of atropine, is an anticholinergic drug which has bronchodilator properties. On inhalation, the onset of action is noted within 5 to 15 minutes, with a peak response between 1 and 2 hours, lasting about 2 additional hours, with subsequent decline from the peak. Bronchodilation is still evident 8 hours after inhalation. In acute…

AVAPRO™ Bristol-Myers Squibb/Sanofi Canada Irbesartan Angiotensin II AT1 Receptor Blocker Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Irbesartan antagonizes angiotensin II by blocking AT1 receptors. Angiotensin II is the primary vasoactive hormone in the renin-angiotensin system. Its effects include vasoconstriction and the stimulation of aldosterone secretion by the adrenal cortex. Irbesartan blocks the vasoconstrictor and aldosterone-secreting effects of angiotensin II by selectively blocking in a noncompetitive manner the binding of angiotensin II to…

ATIVAN® Wyeth-Ayerst Lorazepam Anxiolytic – Sedative Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Lorazepam is a benzodiazepine with CNS depressant, anxiolytic and sedative properties. Lorazepam has also been shown to possess anticonvulsant activity. Peak plasma concentrations of free lorazepam after oral administration are reached at 2 hours (range 1 to 6 hours). Peak concentrations are reached in 60 to 90 minutes after i.m. administration and in 60 minutes after sublingual administration. Lorazepam is…

ASENDIN® Wyeth-Ayerst Amoxapine Antidepressant Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Amoxapine is a tricyclic antidepressant of the dibenzoxazepine class. The mechanism of clinical action of amoxapine in man is not well understood. Amoxapine is not a monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor. In animals, amoxapine inhibits the re-uptake of norepinephrine and, to a lesser degree, of serotonin, at adrenergic nerve endings and blocks the response of dopamine receptors to dopamine. Its major metabolite, 8-hydroxyamoxapine,…

ASPIRIN® Bayer Consumer ASA Analgesic – Anti-inflammatory – Antipyretic – Platelet Aggregation Inhibitor Action And Clinical Pharmacology: ASA interferes with the production of prostaglandins in various organs and tissues through acetylation of the enzyme cyclo-oxygenase. Prostaglandins are themselves powerful irritants and produce headaches and pain on injection in man. Prostaglandins also appear to sensitize pain receptors to other noxious substances such as histamine and bradykinin. By preventing the synthesis and…