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Antivenin (Latrodectus Mactans) MSD Black Widow Spider Antivenin Indications And Clinical Uses: Used to treat patients suffering from symptoms due to bites from the black widow spider. Early use of the antivenin is emphasized for prompt relief. Manufacturers’ Warnings In Clinical States: Prior to treatment with any product prepared from horse serum, a careful review of the patient’s history should be taken emphasizing prior exposure to horse serum or any…

ANTURAN® Novartis Pharmaceuticals Sulfinpyrazone Platelet Inhibitory Agent – Uricosuric Agent – Prophylactic Agent for Reduction of Mortality Post-myocardial Infarction Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Sulfinpyrazone inhibits thrombotic processes that are associated with platelet adhesion, aggregation and reduced platelet survival. Sulfinpyrazone reduces serum urate levels, prevents formation of new tophi, and promotes resorption of existing tophi by increasing clearance of uric acid and water through the kidneys. Sulfinpyrazone has been shown to…

ANSAID® Pharmacia & Upjohn Flurbiprofen Anti-inflammatory – Analgesic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Flurbiprofen, a phenylalkanoic acid derivative, is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent which also possesses analgesic and antipyretic activities. Its mode of action, like that of other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, is not known. However, its therapeutic action is not due to pituitary-adrenal stimulation. Flurbiprofen is an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis. The resulting decrease in prostaglandin synthesis may partially explain the…

ANTABUSE® Wyeth-Ayerst Disulfiram Alcohol Deterrent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Disulfiram produces a sensitivity to alcohol which results in a highly unpleasant reaction when the patient under treatment ingests even small amounts of alcohol. Disulfiram blocks the oxidation of alcohol at the acetaldehyde stage. During alcohol metabolism after disulfiram intake, the concentration of acetaldehyde occurring in the blood may be 5 to 10 times higher than that found during metabolism of…

ANEXATE® Roche Flumazenil Benzodiazepine Antagonist Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Flumazenil, an imidazobenzodiazepine, is a benzodiazepine antagonist which blocks the central effects of agents that act via the benzodiazepine receptor, by competitive inhibition. The antagonism is specific, since in animal experiments the effects of compounds which have no affinity for the benzodiazepine receptor (e.g., barbiturates, meprobamate, ethanol, GABA-mimetics, and adenosine receptor agonists) were not affected by flumazenil. Following the i.v. administration…

ANANDRON® Hoechst Marion Roussel Nilutamide Nonsteroidal Antiandrogen Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Nilutamide is a pure, nonsteroidal antiandrogen which blocks androgens binding at receptor target cells. Nilutamide is specific and does not bind to any other steroidal receptors; therefore, it does not have any other hormonal or antihormonal activity. Nilutamide demonstrates potent antiandrogenic effects by inhibiting androgen uptake and/or inhibiting nuclear binding of androgen in target tissues. In adult male rats,…

ANAPROX® ANAPROX® DS Roche Naproxen Sodium Analgesic – Anti-inflammatory Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Naproxen sodium, has demonstrated analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties in human clinical studies and in classical animal test systems. It exhibits an anti-inflammatory effect even in adrenalectomized animals and therefore its action is not mediated through the pituitary-adrenal axis. It is not a corticosteroid. It inhibits prostaglandin synthetase, as do certain other nonsteroidal analgesic/anti-inflammatory agents. As with…

AMINOHIPPURATE SODIUM MSD Determination of Renal Function Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Aminohippurate Sodium (PAH) is filtered by the glomeruli and is actively secreted by the proximal tubules. At low plasma concentrations (1 to 2 mg/100 mL), an average of 90% of PAH is cleared by the kidneys from the renal blood stream in a single circulation. It is ideally suited for measurement of ERPF since it has a high clearance,…

AMITRIPTYLINE Antidepressant Pharmacology: Amitriptyline is a tertiary amine tricyclic antidepressant. The manner in which the tricyclic antidepressants exert their clinical antidepressant effect is uncertain but they have been shown to block, in different degrees, the reuptake of various neurotransmitters including serotonin and norepinephrine at the neuronal membrane. This action potentiates the effects of these neurotransmitters. Amitriptyline exhibits strong anticholinergic activity, cardiovascular effects including orthostatic hypotension, changes in heart rhythm and…

AMERGE® Glaxo Wellcome Naratriptan HCl 5-HT1 Receptor Agonist – Migraine Therapy Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Naratriptan has been demonstrated to be a selective agonist for a vascular 5-hydroxytryptamine1 receptor subtype (probably a member of the 5-HT1B/1D family) with little or no binding affinity for 5-HT2/3 receptor subtypes, alpha1-, alpha2-, or beta-adrenergic; dopamine1; dopamine2; muscarinic; or benzodiazepine receptors. Naratriptan did not exhibit agonist or antagonist activity in ex vivo assays of…