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PREPULSID® Janssen-Ortho Cisapride Monohydrate Gastrointestinal Prokinetic Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Cisapride is a gastrokinetic drug whose activity is considered to be due to enhancement of the physiological release of acetylcholine at the myenteric plexus. Cisapride increases esophageal peristaltic activity and lower esophageal sphincter tone, thereby decreasing reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus and improving esophageal clearance. Gastric and duodenal emptying are also enhanced by cisapride as a consequence…

PRESSYN® Ferring Vasopressin Antidiuretic Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Vasopressin is a synthetic water-soluble pressor principle identical in sequence to lysine vasopressin. Vasopressin exerts its antidiuretic action by increasing the reabsorption of water by the renal tubules. The drug can also cause contraction of smooth muscle of the gastrointestinal tract and all parts of the vascular beds, especially the capillaries, small arterioles, and venules, with less effect on the smooth…

PRAVACHOL® Squibb Pravastatin Sodium Lipid Metabolism Regulator Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Pravastatin is one of a new class of lipid-lowering compounds known as HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) that reduce cholesterol biosynthesis. These agents are competitive inhibitors of 3-hydroxy- 3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, the enzyme catalyzing the early rate-limiting step in cholesterol biosynthesis, conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate. Pravastatin is isolated from a strain of Penicillium citrinum. The active drug substance…

PRE-PEN® Rivex Pharma Benzylpenicilloyl-Polylysine Diagnostic – Penicillin Allergy Action And Clinical Pharmacology: The major antigenic determinant of penicillin hypersensitivity is the penicilloyl group, a degradation product of penicillin. Pre-Pen reacts specifically with penicilloyl skin sensitizing antibodies (reagins) to produce immediate wheal and flare reactions which may reflect increased risk of allergic reactions to subsequent penicillin therapy. Indications And Clinical Uses: As a skin test reagent for the detection of penicilloyl…

PREGNYL® Organon Chorionic Gonadotropin Gonadotropin Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Chorionic gonadotropin is a glycoprotein substance, with a molecular weight of approximately 38 600, secreted by the placenta and obtained from the urine of pregnant women. It is composed of nonidentical and noncovalently linked a and b subunits. The a subunit of CG is essentially identical to the a subunits of the human pituitary gonadotropins, luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone, as…

PREMARIN® VAGINAL CREAM Wyeth-Ayerst Conjugated Estrogens Vaginitis Therapy Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Conjugated estrogens are a mixture of estrogens obtained exclusively from natural sources occurring as the sodium salts of water-soluble estrogen sulfates blended to represent the average composition of material derived from pregnant mares’ urine. It contains estrone, equilin, and 17a-dihydroequilin, together with smaller amounts of 17a-estradiol, equilenin, and 17a-dihydroequilenin as salts of their sulfate esters. Metabolic and Somatic…

POTASSIUM SALTS General Monograph, Potassium Replacement Therapy Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Potassium is the principal intracellular ion of body tissues. Potassium ions are involved in a number of essential physiological processes, such as the maintenance of intracellular acid-base balance and tonicity. Other functions include the transmission of nerve impulses, contraction of cardiac, skeletal and smooth muscle, gastric secretion, normal renal function, tissue synthesis and carbohydrate metabolism. Hypokalemia: Potassium depletion may…

POTASSIUM CHLORIDE FOR INJECTION CONCENTRATE USP Astra Electrolyte Replenisher Indications And Clinical Uses: The treatment of potassium depletion in patients with hypokalemia; treatment of digitalis intoxication. The i.v. route is indicated when the patient is unable to take potassium orally or if hypokalemia is severe. Contra-Indications: Renal impairment with oliguria or azotemia, untreated Addison’s disease, hyperadrenalism associated with adrenogenital syndrome, extensive tissue breakdown as in severe burns, acute dehydration, heat…

PRANDASE® Bayer Acarbose Oral Antidiabetic Agent – Alpha-glucosidase Inhibitor Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Acarbose is a complex oligosaccharide that inhibits a-glucosidase activity in the brush border membrane of the small intestine. This delays the digestion of ingested carbohydrates, thereby resulting in a smoothing and lowering of blood glucose concentration following meals (postprandial). As a consequence of decreases in plasma glucose postprandial increases, acarbose reduces levels of glycosylated hemoglobin in patients…

PONSTAN® Parke-Davis Mefenamic Acid Analgesic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Mefenamic acid, an anthranilic acid derivative, is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with demonstrated anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activity in laboratory animals. Its mode of action is not completely understood, but may be related to prostaglandin synthetase inhibition. In animal studies the drug was found to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis and to compete for binding at the prostaglandin receptor site. Pharmacokinetics: Mefenamic…