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VIPRINEX® Knoll Ancrod Anticoagulant Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Ancrod, a thrombin-like enzyme obtained from the venom of the Malayan Pit Viper (Agkistrodon rhodostoma), is highly specific for fibrinogen, producing anticoagulation by defibrinogenation. Enzymatically, Ancrod cleaves fibrinogen to split off the A-fibrinopeptides (A, AY and AP), but not the B-fibrinopeptide. The resulting fibrin polymers are imperfectly formed and much smaller in size (1 to 2 m long) than the fibrin polymers…

VIDEX™ Bristol Didanosine Antiretroviral Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Didanosine is a synthetic, purine nucleoside analogue of deoxyadenosine, active against the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Didanosine inhibits the in vitro replication of HIV in human primary cells cultures and in established cell lines. The active antiviral metabolite, dideoxyadenosine-triphosphate (ddATP), is formed in several steps by phosphorylation of didanosine by cellular enzymes. Inhibition of HIV reverse transcriptase by ddATP is through…

VIBRA-TABS™ C-PAK™ Pfizer Doxycycline Hyclate Antibiotic Indications And Clinical Uses: In adult patients with urethritis, cervicitis and vaginitis with a positive test for C. trachomatis and/or U. urealyticum, clinical resolution and absence of detectable organisms have only been observed at completion of oral therapy with doxycycline. Relapses or reinfection can occur. In these cases, limited data suggest that some patients may derive clinical benefit from the oral administration of doxycycline…

VIBRA-TABS™ Pfizer Doxycycline Hyclate Antibiotic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Doxycycline hyclate is a broad-spectrum antibiotic and is active against a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive organisms. Doxycycline exerts its bacteriostatic effect by the inhibition of protein synthesis. Indications And Clinical Uses: For the treatment of: Pneumonia: single and multilobe pneumonia and bronchopneumonia due to susceptible strains of S. pneumoniae (formerly D. pneumoniae) and other Streptococci, Staphylococcus, H. influenzae and…

VERMOX® Janssen-Ortho Mebendazole Anthelmintic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Mebendazole induces in vitro and in vivo inhibition of the glucose uptake by parasitic helminths; this is associated with glycogen depletion and a decrease in the generation of ATP, leading to inhibition of larval development. Mebendazole is poorly absorbed after oral administration. At the normal anthelmintic dosage, the bioavailability is poor due to a combination of high first-pass metabolism and the very…

VEXOL™ Alcon Rimexolone Corticosteroid Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Rimexolone is an anti-inflammatory corticosteroid. Corticosteroids suppress the inflammatory response to a variety of inciting agents of a mechanical, chemical, or immunological nature. They inhibit edema, cellular infiltration, capillary dilatation, fibroblastic proliferation, deposition of collagen and late cicatrization. Corticosteroids are capable of producing a rise in intraocular pressure in susceptible individuals. Placebo-controlled clinical studies demonstrated that rimexolone ophthalmic suspension is efficacious for…

VASOXYL® Glaxo Wellcome Methoxamine HCl Vasopressor Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Methoxamine is an alpha-receptor stimulant which produces a prompt and prolonged rise in blood pressure following parenteral administration. It acts by exclusively stimulating alpha-adrenergic receptors and hence causes vasoconstriction. Raised arterial pressure stimulates reflex vagal inhibitory effects on the heart, and it is by this effect that methoxamine curtails supraventricular tachycardia. The major pharmacological effect of methoxamine is a potent,…

VAXIGRIP® Connaught Inactivated Influenza Vaccine Trivalent Types A and B (Split Virion) Influenza Prophylaxis Action And Clinical Pharmacology: The inoculation of antigen prepared from inactivated influenza virus stimulates the production of specific antibodies. Protection is afforded only against those strains of virus from which the vaccine is prepared or closely related strains. Influenza A viruses are classified into subtypes on the basis of 2 surface antigens: hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase…

VALTREX® Glaxo Wellcome Valacyclovir HCl Antiviral Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Mechanism of Action: Valacyclovir is the L-valyl ester and a pro-drug of the antiviral drug acyclovir. Valacyclovir is rapidly converted to acyclovir, which has in vitro and in vivo inhibitory activity against human herpes viruses including herpes simplex virus types 1 (HSV-1) and 2 (HSV-2), and varicella-zoster virus (VZV). The inhibitory activity of acyclovir is highly selective due to…

V-CILLIN K® Lilly Potassium Phenoxymethyl Penicillin Antibiotic Indications And Clinical Uses: Mild to moderately severe infections caused by penicillin V sensitive microorganisms including streptococcal pharyngitis, staphylococcal infection without bacteremia and pneumococcal infections. Therapy should be guided by bacteriologic sensitivity tests and clinical response. Severe pneumonia, empyema, bacteremia, pericarditis, meningitis, and arthritis should not be treated with potassium phenoxymethyl penicillin during the acute stage. Indicated surgical procedures should be performed. The…