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BACTIGRAS® Smith & Nephew Chlorhexidine Acetate Topical Antibacterial Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Chlorhexidine inhibits the growth of vegetative gram-positive and gram-negative organisms in vitro. Acid fast bacilli and heat resistant bacterial spores are not susceptible to the lethal action of chlorhexidine even in strong concentrations at room temperature. Chlorhexidine has greater activity in alkaline media. Adsorption of chlorhexidine on organic matter, pus, serum, blood, etc. will cause a reduction in…

BABY’S OWN™ OINTMENT Block Drug Zinc Oxide Skin Protective Indications And Clinical Uses: Prevention and relief of diaper rash. Warnings: For external use only. Avoid contact with eyes. If eye contact occurs, rinse thoroughly with water. Discontinue use if rash occurs or worsens. Keep out of the reach of children. Dosage: To relieve diaper rash apply 3 or more times daily at first sign of redness. To prevent diaper rash…

ARISTOSPAN® Stiefel/Glades Triamcinolone Hexacetonide Glucocorticoid Action And Clinical Pharmacology: The hexacetonide ester of triamcinolone is relatively insoluble (0.0002% at 25°C in water). When injected intra-articularly it can be expected to be absorbed slowly from the injection site. The pharmacological action of triamcinolone hexacetonide is less intense and more prolonged, but qualitatively the same as triamcinolone acetonide. Triamcinolone hexacetonide’s activity is ascribable to the slow release of triamcinolone acetonide through hydrolysis….

ARIMIDEX® Zeneca Anastrozole Nonsteroidal Aromatase Inhibitor Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Many breast cancers have estrogen receptors and growth of these tumors can be stimulated by estrogens. In postmenopausal women, the principal source of circulating estrogen (primarily estrone) is conversion of adrenally-generated androstenedione to estrone by aromatase in peripheral tissues, such as adipose tissue, with further conversion of estrone to estradiol. Many breast cancers also contain aromatase; the importance of tumor-generated…

APO®-OFLOX Apotex Ofloxacin Antibacterial Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Ofloxacin is a broad-spectrum, synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent for oral administration. Ofloxacin is thought to exert a bactericidal effect on susceptible bacterial cells by inhibiting the essential bacterial enzyme DNA gyrase, a critical catalyst in the duplication, transcription and repair of bacteria. The bioavailability of ofloxacin in the tablet formulation is approximately 98%. Ofloxacin is rapidly and completely absorbed from the upper…

APO®-DOMPERIDONE Apotex Domperidone Maleate Modifier of Upper Gastrointestinal Motility Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Domperidone is a peripheral dopamine antagonist structurally related to the butyrophenones with antiemetic and gastroprokinetic properties. Domperidone effectively increases esophageal peristalsis and lower esophageal sphincter pressure (LESP), increases gastric motility and peristalsis, enhances gastroduodenal coordination and consequently facilitates gastric emptying and decreases small bowel transit time. The mechanism of action of domperidone is related to its peripheral…

ANTIBIOTIC COLD SORE OINTMENT Novartis Consumer Health Polymyxin B Compound Cold Sore Therapy Indications And Clinical Uses: Symptomatic treatment of cold sores and fever blisters. Prevention of secondary bacterial infection. Contra-Indications: Hypersensitivity to any of the components. Manufacturers’ Warnings In Clinical States: It is dangerous to apply any product containing menthol or camphor to the nostrils of an infant. To do so may cause difficulty in breathing and collapse. Precautions:…

ANEXATE® Roche Flumazenil Benzodiazepine Antagonist Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Flumazenil, an imidazobenzodiazepine, is a benzodiazepine antagonist which blocks the central effects of agents that act via the benzodiazepine receptor, by competitive inhibition. The antagonism is specific, since in animal experiments the effects of compounds which have no affinity for the benzodiazepine receptor (e.g., barbiturates, meprobamate, ethanol, GABA-mimetics, and adenosine receptor agonists) were not affected by flumazenil. Following the i.v. administration…

ANAPROX® ANAPROX® DS Roche Naproxen Sodium Analgesic – Anti-inflammatory Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Naproxen sodium, has demonstrated analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties in human clinical studies and in classical animal test systems. It exhibits an anti-inflammatory effect even in adrenalectomized animals and therefore its action is not mediated through the pituitary-adrenal axis. It is not a corticosteroid. It inhibits prostaglandin synthetase, as do certain other nonsteroidal analgesic/anti-inflammatory agents. As with…

AMOXICILLIN Amoxycillin Antibiotic Pharmacology: Amoxicillin, a semisynthetic penicillin of the aminopenicillin group, is bactericidal against sensitive organisms. It acts through the inhibition of mucopeptide synthesis in the bacterial cell wall. The spectrum of activity of amoxicillin includes H. influenzae, E. coli, P. mirabilis, Salmonella and some Shigella species while also retaining activity against penicillin-sensitive gram-positive bacteria (see Penicillin G/Penicillin V, General Monograph). However, many Enterobacteriaceae, H. Influenzae, Salmonella and Shigella…