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ALLEGRA™ Hoechst Marion Roussel Fexofenadine HCl Histamine H1-Receptor Antagonist Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Fexofenadine, the predominant human and animal active metabolite of terfenadine, is a selective histamine H1-receptor antagonist. In laboratory animals, there is no evidence of local anesthetic, analgesic, anticonvulsant, antidepressant, antidopaminergic, antiserotonergic, anticholinergic, sedative, H2-receptor antagonist, or a1-adrenergic receptor blocking activity. Fexofenadine inhibits antigen-induced bronchospasm in sensitized guinea pigs and histamine release from peritoneal mast cells of the…

ALOMIDE® Alcon Lodoxamide Tromethamine Anti-allergy Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Lodoxamide, a mast cell stabilizer inhibits the in vivo type I immediate hypersensitivity reaction in animals and man. In vitro studies have demonstrated the ability of lodoxamide to stabilize mast cells and prevent the antigen specific induced release of histamine. In addition, lodoxamide prevents the release of other mast cell inflammatory mediators (i.e., SRS-A, slow reacting substances of anaphylaxis also…

ALBERT® OXYBUTYNIN Albert Pharma Oxybutynin Chloride Anticholinergic – Antispasmodic Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Oxybutynin is a tertiary amine anticholinergic agent which exerts antimuscarinic as well as direct antispasmodic action on smooth muscle. In vitro studies have shown that its anticholinergic effects are weaker than those of atropine, but it possesses greater antispasmodic activity. No blocking effects occur at skeletal neuromuscular junctions or in autonomic ganglia (no antinicotinic effects). In…

ALBERT® PENTOXIFYLLINE Albert Pharma Pentoxifylline Vasoactive Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Pentoxifylline is a xanthine derivative. It belongs to a group of vasoactive drugs which improve peripheral blood flow and thus enhance peripheral tissue oxygenation. The mechanism by which pentoxifylline achieves this effect has not been determined, but it is likely that the following factors are involved: Pentoxifylline, as other xanthine derivatives, relaxes certain smooth muscles including those of the…

ADVANTAGE 24™ Roberts Nonoxynol-9 Vaginal Contraceptive Gel Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Nonoxynol-9 (paranonyl-phenoxypolyethoxyethanol) is a commonly used spermicidal agent. Nonoxynol-9 is responsible for cell membrane breakage; it decreases surface tension and kills epithelial cells. The vaginal contraceptive gel is a new gel designed to provide a steady release of nonoxynol-9 after a single vaginal application. Commonly available spermicidal formulations must be used close to the time of intercourse if they…

ADRIAMYCIN® Pharmacia & Upjohn Doxorubicin HCl Antineoplastic Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Though not completely elucidated, the mechanism of action of doxorubicin is related to its ability to bind to DNA and inhibit nucleic acid synthesis. Cell culture studies have demonstrated rapid cell penetration and perinucleolar chromatin binding, rapid inhibition of mitotic activity and nucleic acid synthesis, mutagenesis and chromosomal aberrations. Animal studies have shown activity in a wide spectrum…

ADALAT® XL® Bayer Nifedipine Antianginal – Antihypertensive System Components and Performance: Adalat XL extended release tablets, while similar in appearance to a conventional tablet, nonetheless consist of a semipermeable membrane surrounding an osmotically active drug core. The core itself is divided into 2 layers: an “active” layer containing the drug, and a “push” layer containing pharmacologically inert, but osmotically active components. As water from the gastrointestinal tract enters the tablet,…

ACTIFED™ PLUS EXTRA STRENGTH Warner-Lambert Consumer Healthcare Acetaminophen – Pseudoephedrine HCl – Triprolidine HCl Analgesic – Antipyretic – Antihistamine – Decongestant Indications And Clinical Uses: The prophylaxis and treatment of symptoms associated with the common cold, acute and subacute sinusitis; in allergic conditions which respond to antihistamines, including hay fever, pollenosis, allergic and vasomotor rhinitis. Relieves nasal congestion, runny nose, sneezing, sinus pain, headache and fever. Contra-Indications: Hypersensitivity to triprolidine,…

AXID® Lilly Nizatidine Histamine H2 Receptor Antagonist Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Nizatidine is a competitive, reversible inhibitor of the histamine H2 receptor of gastric-acid secreting cells. Nizatidine is not an anticholinergic agent. It inhibits nocturnal gastric-acid secretion and gastric-acid secretion stimulated by food, caffeine, betazole and pentagastrin. Pepsin output is reduced in proportion to the reduced volume of gastric secretions. Nizatidine has little or no effect on basal serum gastrin…

AVIRAX™ Fabrigen Acyclovir Antiviral Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Acyclovir, a synthetic acyclic nucleoside analog, is a substrate with a high degree of specificity for herpes simplex and varicella-zoster specified thymidine kinase. Acyclovir is a poor substrate for host cell-specified thymidine kinase. Herpes simplex and varicella-zoster specified thymidine kinase transform acyclovir to its monophosphate which is then transformed by a number of cellular enzymes to acyclovir diphosphate and acyclovir triphosphate. Acyclovir…