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CEFIZOX® SmithKline Beecham Ceftizoxime Sodium Antibiotic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: In vitro studies indicate that the bactericidal action of ceftizoxime results from inhibition of cell-wall synthesis in aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. In vitro, ceftizoxime shows a strong affinity for penicillin-binding proteins 1a, 1bs and 3 of E. coli. Indications And Clinical Uses: In the treatment of the infections listed below when caused by susceptible strains of the…

CARDURA-1™ CARDURA-2™ CARDURA-4™ Astra Doxazosin Mesylate Antihypertensive Agent – Symptomatic Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) Action And Clinical Pharmacology: The mechanism of action of doxazosin is selective blockade of alpha1 subtype of post-synaptic, post-junctional alpha-adrenergic receptors. Pharmacodynamics: Hypertension: Administration of doxazosin results in a reduction in systemic vascular resistance. In patients with hypertension there is little change in cardiac output. Maximum reductions in blood pressure usually occur 2 to…

CASODEX® Zeneca Bicalutamide Nonsteroidal Antiandrogen Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Bicalutamide is a nonsteroidal antiandrogen, devoid of other endocrine activity. Bicalutamide competitively inhibits the action of androgens by binding to cytosol androgen receptors in target tissue. This inhibition results in regression of prostatic tumors. Bicalutamide is a racemate and the (R)-enantiomer is primarily responsible for the antiandrogenic activity of bicalutamide. Pharmacokinetics : The absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of bicalutamide has…

CYTOXAN® Bristol Cyclophosphamide Antineoplastic Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Cyclophosphamide is activated by metabolism in the liver by the mixed-function oxidase system of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. The hepatic cytochrome P-450 mixed-function converts cyclophosphamide to 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide, which is in a steady state with the acyclic tautomer, aldophosphamide. The drug and its metabolites are distributed throughout the body including the brain. Cyclophosphamide, which is biologically relatively inactive, is eliminated from the…

CYKLOKAPRON® Pharmacia & Upjohn Tranexamic Acid Antifibrinolytic Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Tranexamic acid produces an antifibrinolytic effect by competitively inhibiting the activation of plasminogen to plasmin. It is also a weak noncompetitive inhibitor of plasmin. These properties make possible its clinical use as an antifibrinolytic in the treatment of both general and local fibrinolytic hemorrhages. It has an action mechanism similar to, but about 10 times more potent in…

CRIXIVAN® MSD Indinavir Sulfate HIV Protease Inhibitor Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Indinavir is a selective protease inhibitor active against the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1). Mechanism of Action: HIV protease is an enzyme required for the proteolytic cleavage of the viral polyprotein precursors into the individual functional proteins found in infectious HIV. Indinavir binds to the protease active site and inhibits the activity of the enzyme. This inhibition prevents cleavage of…

COVERSYL® Servier Perindopril Erbumine Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Perindopril is a nonsulphydryl angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, which is used in the treatment of hypertension. Following oral administration, perindopril is rapidly hydrolyzed to perindoprilat, its principal active metabolite. Angiotensin-converting enzyme catalyzes the conversion of angiotensin I to the vasoconstrictor substance, angiotensin II. Angiotensin II also stimulates aldosterone secretion by the adrenal cortex. Inhibition of ACE activity leads…

CORTISPORIN® Glaxo Wellcome Hydrocortisone – Neomycin – Polymyxin B Compound Anti-inflammatory – Antibacterial Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Corticosteroids suppress the inflammatory response to a variety of agents and they may delay healing. Since corticosteroids may inhibit the body’s defense mechanism against infection, a concomitant antimicrobial drug may be used when this inhibition is considered to be clinically significant in a particular case. The anti-infective components in the combination are included…

BURINEX® Leo Bumetanide Diuretic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Bumetanide is a loop diuretic. The diuretic effect of bumetanide results largely from the inhibition of sodium reabsorption in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle. This is shown by a marked reduction in freewater clearance during hydration and tubular solute-free water reabsorption during hydropenia. Bumetanide may have an additional action in the proximal tubule, since phosphaturia has been observed during…

BREVICON® 0.5/35 Searle Norethindrone – Ethinyl Estradiol Oral Contraceptive Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Estrogen-progestogen combinations act primarily through the mechanism of gonadotropin suppression due to the estrogenic and progestational activity of their components. Although the primary mechanism of action is inhibition of ovulation, alterations in the cervical mucus and the endometrium may also contribute to effectiveness. tag_IndicationsIndications Indications And Clinical Uses: Prevention of pregnancy. Contra-Indications: History of or actual thrombophlebitis…