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EUFLEX® Schering Flutamide Nonsteroidal Antiandrogen Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Flutamide demonstrates potent antiandrogenic effects by inhibiting androgen uptake and/or inhibiting nuclear binding of androgen in target tissues. In adult male rats, ventral prostate weights and seminal vesicle weights were markedly reduced by daily administration of flutamide. Indications And Clinical Uses: For use in combination with LHRH agonistic analogues (such as leuprolide acetate) for the treatment of metastatic prostatic carcinoma (Stage…

EPIVAL® EPIJECT® I.V. Abbott Divalproex Sodium Valproic Acid Anticonvulsant Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Divalproex has anticonvulsant properties, and is chemically related to valproic acid. Divalproex dissociates to the valproate ion in the gastrointestinal tract. Although its mechanism of action has not yet been established, it has been suggested that its activity in epilepsy is related to increased brain concentrations of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). The effect on the neuronal membrane is…

EPREX® Janssen-Ortho Epoetin Alfa Erythropoiesis Regulating Hormone Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Erythropoietin is a glycoprotein which stimulates red blood cell production. It is produced in the kidney and stimulates the division and differentiation of committed erythroid progenitors in the bone marrow. Epoetin alfa is a 165 amino acid glycoprotein manufactured by recombinant DNA technology. It has a molecular weight of 30 400 daltons and is produced by mammalian cells into…

ENTEX® LA Purdue Frederick Phenylpropanolamine HCI – Guaifenesin Decongestant – Expectorant Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Phenylpropanolamine is an alpha-adrenergic receptor agonist (sympathomimetic) which produces vasoconstriction by stimulating alpha-receptors within the mucosa of the respiratory tract. Clinically, phenylpropanolamine shrinks swollen mucous membranes, reduces tissue hyperemia, edema and nasal congestion, and increases nasal airway patency. Guaifenesin promotes lower respiratory tract drainage by thinning bronchial secretions, lubricates irritated respiratory tract membranes through increased…

ENGERIX®-B SmithKline Beecham Hepatitis B Vaccine (Recombinant) Vaccine Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Hepatitis B vaccine (recombinant) contains purified hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). It is the product of recombinant DNA technology developed by SmithKline Beecham Biologicals, s.a., Belgium. The HBsAg gene from the hepatitis B virus has been cloned by genetic engineering into Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In vitro experiments have shown that the yeast-derived HBsAg in hepatitis B vaccine (recombinant) contains…

ELTROXIN® Glaxo Wellcome Levothyroxine Sodium Hypothyroidism Therapy Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Levothyroxine sodium is the monosodium salt of the levorotatory isomer of thyroxine (tetraiodothyronine), the principal hormone secreted by the normal thyroid gland. Pharmacokinetics: Following oral administration, the absorption of levothyroxine is incomplete and variable (50 to 75%), especially when taken with food. Once absorbed, synthetic levothyroxine is indistinguishable from the endogenous hormone. Levothyroxine is nearly totally bound to serum…

ELDISINE® INJECTION Lilly Vindesine Sulfate Antineoplastic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: The mode of action of vindesine is not completely understood. Like the other vinca alkaloids, vinblastine sulfate (Velbe) and vincristine sulfate (Oncovin), vindesine causes arrest of cells in metaphase mitosis. In addition, in vitro investigation has demonstrated that vindesine prevents invasion of normal tissue by malignant cells. Comparative studies with these 3 alkaloids, however, demonstrate differences in their effect at…

EFUDEX® ICN Fluorouracil Topical Antineoplastic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: There is evidence that the metabolism of fluorouracil in the anabolic pathway blocks the methylation reaction of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid. In this fashion fluorouracil interferes with the synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and, to a lesser extent, inhibits the formation of ribonucleic acid (RNA). Since DNA and RNA are essential for cell division and growth, the effect of fluorouracil…

EFFEXOR® EFFEXOR® XR Wyeth-Ayerst Venlafaxine HCl Antidepressant Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Venlafaxine is a phenethylamine bicyclic derivative, chemically unrelated to tricyclic, tetracyclic or other available antidepressant agents. The mechanism of venlafaxine’s antidepressant action in humans is believed to be associated with its potentiation of neurotransmitter activity in the CNS. Preclinical studies have shown that venlafaxine and its major metabolite, O-desmethylvenlafaxine (ODV), are potent inhibitors of neuronal serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake…

DRISTAN® LONG LASTING NASAL MIST/SPRAY Whitehall-Robins Oxymetazoline HCl Nasal Decongestant Action And Clinical Pharmacology: The sympathomimetic action of oxymetazoline constricts the smaller arterioles of the nasal passages, producing a prolonged (up to 12 hours), gentle and decongesting effect. Indications And Clinical Uses: For prompt temporary relief of nasal congestion due to the common cold, sinusitis, hay fever or other upper respiratory allergies for up to 12 hours. Contra-Indications: Narrow angle…