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DOVONEX® Leo Calcipotriol Topical Nonsteroidal Antipsoriatic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Calcipotriol is a nonsteroidal antipsoriatic agent, derived from the naturally occurring vitamin D. Calcipotriol exhibits a vitamin D-like effect by competing for the 1,25 (OH)2D3 receptor. Calcipotriol is as potent as 1,25 (OH)2D3, the naturally occurring active form of vitamin D, in regulating cell proliferation and cell differentiation, but much less active than 1,25 (OH)2D3 in its effect on calcium…

DOXORUBICIN HYDROCHLORIDE INJECTION USP Novopharm Antineoplastic Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Doxorubicin is the hydrochloric acid salt of a glycoside antibiotic produced by S. peucetius var. caesiu. Although not completely elucidated, the mechanism of action of doxorubicin is related mainly to its ability to bind specifically with DNA, by intercalation between adjacent base pairs of the double-helical structure, thereby inhibiting nucleic acid synthesis. Binding to cell membranes as well as…

DOXORUBICIN HCl FOR INJECTION USP Faulding Antineoplastic Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: The precise mechanism(s) of the antineoplastic action of doxorubicin is not fully understood. Experimental evidence indicates that doxorubicin forms a complex with DNA by intercalation between base pairs, causing inhibition of DNA synthesis and DNA-dependent RNA synthesis by the resulting template disordering and steric obstruction. Doxorubicin also inhibits protein synthesis. Doxorubicin is active throughout the cell cycle including…

DIXARIT® Boehringer Ingelheim Clonidine HCl Vascular Stabilizer for the Treatment of Menopausal Flushing Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Clonidine reduces the response of peripheral vessels to either vasoconstrictor or vasodilator stimuli. Clonidine, the active ingredient, is an a-adrenergic agonist which also has some a-adrenergic antagonist effects. Clonidine therapy has been shown to reduce the frequency, severity, and duration of flushing attacks associated with the menopausal syndrome. There is a gradual onset…

DOBUTREX® Lilly Dobutamine HCl Sympathomimetic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Dobutamine is a direct acting inotropic agent whose primary activity results from stimulation of the b-receptors of the heart while producing less marked chronotropic, hypertensive, arrhythmogenic or vasodilatory effects. It does not cause the release of endogenous norepinephrine as does dopamine. No specific effect on the renal vasculature has been observed. In both animal and human studies, dobutamine produces less increase…

DITROPAN® Alza Canada Oxybutynin Chloride Anticholinergic – Antispasmodic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Oxybutynin is a tertiary amine anticholinergic agent which exerts antimuscarinic as well as direct antispasmodic action on smooth muscle. In vitro studies have shown that its anticholinergic effects are weaker than those of atropine, but that it possesses greater antispasmodic activity. No blocking effects occur at skeletal neuromuscular junctions or in autonomic ganglia (e.g., no antinicotinic effects). In…

Diphtheria Antitoxin (Equine) Connaught Antitoxin Indications And Clinical Uses: For the treatment of suspected or confirmed cases of diphtheria. Precautions: Before administering any serum or antitoxin to a patient, physicians are well advised to ascertain whether the patient has a history of asthma, or hay fever, and particularly, whether the patient suffers distress when in proximity to horses. Patients with such a history may develop serious reactions of an anaphylactic…

DIPHTHERIA TOXOID Connaught Diphtheria Prophylaxis Indications And Clinical Uses: For active immunization against diphtheria. Dosage And Administration: For Infants, Pre-School and School Children: For infants over 6 months of age and children, it is recommended that 3 s.c. doses of 1 mL be administered with an interval of 4 weeks between the first, second and third doses. Reinforcing Doses: Blood serum of children 2 to 5 years following 3 doses…

Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoids Adsorbed and Pertussis Vaccine (DPT Adsorbed) Connaught Vaccine Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Immunization against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis has been associated with a striking decrease in the incidence of morbidity and mortality from these diseases. Simultaneous vaccination with a combination vaccine containing diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine have been used in Canada since 1958. Injection of bacterial proteins such as diphtheria and tetanus toxoids…

Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoids Adsorbed and Poliomyelitis Vaccine (DT Polio Adsorbed) Connaught Vaccine Indications And Clinical Uses: For the primary immunization of infants and of children at or above the age of 2 months through 6 years of age (prior to the seventh birthday) against diphtheria, tetanus, and poliomyelitis in whom simultaneous immunization against pertussis is not indicated. DT Polio Adsorbed may be administered simultaneously with Hib conjugate vaccines and/or…