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DALACIN® VAGINAL CREAM Pharmacia & Upjohn Clindamycin Phosphate Antibacterial Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Although clindamycin phosphate is inactive in vitro, in vivo hydrolysis converts this compound to the antibacterially-active clindamycin. Clindamycin inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by its action at the bacterial ribosome. The antibiotic preferentially binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit, and affects the process of peptide chain initiation. Clindamycin may inhibit the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA or inhibit the translocation…

DUVOID® Roberts Bethanechol Chloride Parasympathomimetic Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Bethanechol acts principally by producing the effects of stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system. It increases the tone of the detrusor urinae muscle, usually producing a contraction sufficiently strong to initiate micturition and empty the bladder. It stimulates gastric motility, increases gastric tone, and often restores rhythmic peristalsis. Stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system releases acetylcholine at the nerve endings….

DYAZIDE® SmithKline Beecham Triamterene – Hydrochlorothiazide Diuretic – Antihypertensive Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Dyazide is a combination of 2 diuretics with different but complementary modes of action. Diuretic activity following a single dose is evident within the first hour, reaches a peak at 2 to 3 hours, and tapers off during the subsequent 7 to 9 hours. Because of the potassium-conserving effect of its triamterene component, Dyazide reduces the risk…

DYRENIUM® SmithKline Beecham Triamterene Diuretic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Triamterene exerts its diuretic effect on the distal renal tubule to inhibit the reabsorption of sodium in exchange for potassium and hydrogen ions. This natriuretic activity is limited by the amount of sodium reaching its site of action. Although triamterene blocks the increase in this exchange, which is stimulated by mineralocorticoids (chiefly aldosterone), its action takes place through a direct effect…

DURAGESIC® Janssen-Ortho Fentanyl Opioid Analgesic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Fentanyl is an opioid analgesic which interacts predominantly with the opioid receptor. Fentanyl produces analgesia, sedation, respiratory depression, constipation, and physical dependence but appears to have less emetic activity than other opioid analgesics. Fentanyl may produce muscle rigidity, miosis, cough reflex suppression, alterations in mood, bradycardia and broncho-constriction. Analgesic blood levels of fentanyl may cause nausea and vomiting directly by stimulating…

DURALITH® Janssen-Ortho Lithium Carbonate Antimanic Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Although lithium is useful for its antimanic effect and in preventing relapses in patients with a clearcut diagnosis of bipolar affective disorder, it has very little, if any, direct effect on moods, normal or abnormal. Lithium alters sodium transport in nerve and muscle cells, effects a shift toward intraneuronal metabolism of catecholamines and has an inhibitory action on the intracellular…

DUOFORTE® 27 Stiefel Salicylic Acid Verrucae Therapy Indications And Clinical Uses: For common, plantar and mosaic warts. Contra-Indications: Diabetics or patients with impaired blood circulation should not use this product without the advice of a health professional. Do not use on moles, birthmarks or unusual warts with hair growing from them. Do not use near eyes or mucous membranes. Manufacturers’ Warnings In Clinical States: Do not use on inflamed and/or…

DUOVENT® UDV Boehringer Ingelheim Ipratropium Bromide – Fenoterol Hydrobromide Bronchodilator Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Duovent UDV inhalation solution is a combination of the anticholinergic bronchodilator ipratropium bromide and the beta2-adrenergic bronchodilator fenoterol hydrobromide. Ipratropium is a quaternary ammonium derivative of atropine and is an anticholinergic drug which has bronchodilator properties. On inhalation of ipratropium the onset of action is noted within 5 to 15 minutes with a peak response between…

DUPHALAC® Solvay Pharma Lactulose Crystals Laxative Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Experimental data indicate that lactulose is not significantly absorbed in the small intestine and reaches the colon essentially unchanged. There it is metabolized by bacteria with the formation of low molecular weight acids that acidify the colonic contents. Less than 2% of lactulose is absorbed systemically. Two mechanisms are believed to be involved in the laxative action of lactulose: 1)…

DTIC® Bayer Dacarbazine Antineoplastic Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Although dacarbazine’s exact mechanism of action is not known, 3 hypotheses have been offered: 1. inhibition of DNA synthesis by acting as a purine analog. 2. action as an alkylating agent. 3. interaction with SH groups. Dacarbazine is only slightly (approximately 5%) protein bound. Its plasma half-life after i.v. administration is approximately 35 minutes. In animals, approximately 46% of a radio…