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DILAUDID-HP® DILAUDID-HP-PLUS® DILAUDID-XP® DILAUDID® STERILE POWDER Knoll Hydromorphone HCl Opioid Analgesic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Hydromorphone is a hydrogenated ketone of morphine. It is an opioid analgesic with many of the effects common to the class of drugs. Opioid analgesics have multiple actions but exert their primary effects on the CNS and organs containing smooth muscle. The principal actions of therapeutic value are analgesia and sedation. Opioid analgesics also suppress…

DIFLUCAN™ Pfizer Fluconazole Antifungal Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Fluconazole is a highly selective inhibitor of fungal cytochrome P450 sterol C-14-alpha-demethylation. Mammalian cell demethylation is much less sensitive to fluconazole inhibition. The subsequent loss of normal sterols correlates with the accumulation of 14-a-methyl sterols in fungi and may be responsible for the fungistatic activity of fluconazole. Fluconazole is a polar bis-triazole antifungal drug. Studies have shown that fluconazole exhibits specificity…

DIGIBIND® Glaxo Wellcome Digoxin Immune Fab (Ovine) Specific Antibody for Digoxin Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Digoxin immune Fab (ovine) is a sterile lyophilized powder of antigen binding fragments (Fab) derived from specific antidigoxin antibodies raised in sheep. It binds molecules of digoxin, making them unavailable for binding at their site of action on cells in the body. The Fab fragment-digoxin complex accumulates in the blood, from which it is excreted…

DIDROCAL® Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals Etidronate Disodium Calcium Carbonate Bone Metabolism Regulator Action And Clinical Pharmacology: The Didrocal therapy is a nonhormonal treatment consisting of etidronate disodium administered for 14 days followed by calcium carbonate administered for the next 76 days. Etidronate Disodium: Etidronate disodium is a bisphosphonate (diphosphonate) that inhibits bone resorption, primarily through the drug’s effect on osteoclasts. Etidronate disodium owes its highly selective bone effects to its…

DIDRONEL® Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals Etidronate Disodium Bone Metabolism Regulator – Antipagetic Agent – Antihypercalcemic Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Etidronate acts primarily on bone. It can inhibit the formation, growth and dissolution of hydroxyapatite crystals and their amorphous precursors by chemisorption to calcium phosphate surfaces. Inhibition of crystal resorption occurs at lower doses than are required to inhibit crystal growth. Both effects increase as the dose increases. General: The…

DIFLUCAN-150™ Pfizer Fluconazole Antifungal Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Fluconazole is a highly selective inhibitor of fungal cytochrome P450 sterol C-14-a-demethylation. Mammalian cell demethylation is much less sensitive to fluconazole inhibition. The subsequent loss of normal sterols correlates with the accumulation of 14-a-methyl sterols in fungi and may be responsible for the fungistatic activity of fluconazole. Fluconazole is a polar bis-triazole antifungal drug. Studies have shown that fluconazole exhibits specificity…

DICETEL® Solvay Pharma Pinaverium Bromide Gastrointestinal Calcium Antagonist Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Pinaverium is a calcium antagonist which inhibits the calcium influx by blocking the voltage-dependent calcium channel at the smooth muscle cell level. It possesses a high degree of selectivity for the intestinal smooth muscle. Many studies showed that pinaverium induces a relaxation of the gastrointestinal and the biliary tracts and mainly of the colon, an inhibition of the…

DICLOTEC Technilab Diclofenac Sodium Anti-inflammatory – Analgesic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Diclofenac sodium is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with analgesic and antipyretic properties. The mode of action is not fully known but it does not act through the pituitary-adrenal axis. Diclofenac sodium inhibits prostaglandin synthesis by interfering with the action of prostaglandin synthetase. This inhibitory effect may partially explain its actions. From a clinical efficacy standpoint, diclofenac sodium 75…

DIABETA® Hoechst Marion Roussel Glyburide Oral Hypoglycemic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: The principal action of glyburide results in an increased insulin release from the beta cells of the pancreas. Other mechanisms leading to a reduction of blood glucose are also believed to be influenced by glyburide. The insertion of an alkylene chain on the benzene nucleus results in a product of very high potency. Schulz and Schmidt indicated that the…

DIAZEMULS® Pharmacia & Upjohn Diazepam Injectable Emulsion Anxiolytic – Sedative Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Diazemuls is an injectable emulsion of diazepam, a drug with known anxiolytic-sedative and muscle relaxant properties. Diazepam has been found useful for short-term symptomatic relief of excessive anxiety and tension in patients with anxiety neurosis, although anxiety and tension associated with the stresses of everyday life usually do not require treatment with anxiolytic drugs. Diazepam must…