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MEPRON® Glaxo Wellcome Atovaquone Antiprotozoal Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Atovaquone is a hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, an analog of ubiquinone, with antipneumocystis activity. The mechanism of action against P. carinii has not been fully elucidated. Pharmacokinetics: The pharmacokinetics of atovaquone has been studied in healthy volunteers, HIV-infected adults with varying stages and manifestations of HIV infection and in immunocompromised children. The half-life of atovaquone is long (2 to 3 days) due to…

Measles Virus Vaccine, Live Attenuated (Dried) Connaught Vaccine Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Measles Virus Vaccine, Live, Attenuated (Dried) is prepared in avian leucosis-free chick embryo fibroblast cultures from the Edmondston Strain of attenuated measles virus, obtained from Dr. J.F. Enders and given an additional 69 passages in chick embryo cell cultures. The diluent for reconstitution for the 1 dose vial is Water for Injection (WFI). The diluent for reconstitution for…

MATERNA® Wyeth-Ayerst Multivitamins – Minerals Prenatal/Postpartum Supplement Indications And Clinical Uses: A multivitamin-mineral product for use as a dietary supplement during pregnancy, lactation and postpartum. Contra-Indications: Iron therapy is contraindicated in the presence of hemochromatosis, hemosiderosis, hemolytic anemia. Precautions: Folic acid may obscure pernicious anemia in that the peripheral blood picture may revert to normal while neurological manifestations remain progressive. Oral iron preparations may aggravate existing peptic ulcer, regional enteritis…

MARCAINE® Sanofi Bupivacaine HCl Local Anesthetic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Bupivacaine stabilizes the neuronal membrane and prevents both the generation and the conduction of nerve impulses, thereby exerting local anesthetic action. The onset of action is rapid, and anesthesia is long lasting. The advantage of bupivacaine over other local anesthetics is in the prolonged duration of effective anesthesia. It is to be noted however, that the duration of action of…

MALARONE™ Glaxo Wellcome Atovaquone – Proguanil HCl Antimalarial Action And Clinical Pharmacology: The constituents of Malarone, interfere with 2 different pathways involved in the biosynthesis of pyrimidines required for nucleic acid replication. Atovaquone is a selective inhibitor of parasite mitochondrial electron transport. Proguanil exerts its effect primarily by means of the metabolite cycloguanil, a dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor. Inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase in the malaria parasite disrupts deoxythymidylate synthesis. These two…

MALTLEVOL®-M Carter Horner Multivitamins – Minerals Nutritional Supplement Indications And Clinical Uses: For nutritional reinforcement; pre- and postoperatively and during pregnancy and lactation. Contraindications, Precautions and Adverse Effects: See Maltlevol/Maltlevol 12. Symptoms And Treatment Of Overdose: Symptoms and Treatment: Treatment is symptomatic. Dosage: 1 tablet daily or as prescribed. Availability And Storage: Each lemon yellow, film coated, oblong, biconvex tablet with rounded ends and intagliated Maltlevol-M on one side, contains:…

MALTLEVOL® MALTLEVOL®-12 Carter Horner Multivitamins Dietary Supplement Indications And Clinical Uses: As a multivitamin dietary supplement and for iron deficiency anemia. Contra-Indications: Hemosiderosis, hemochromatosis, hemolytic anemia. Precautions: Oral iron preparations may aggravate existing peptic ulcer, regional enteritis and ulcerative colitis. Iron compounds taken orally can impair the absorption of tetracycline antibiotics. Antacids given concomitantly with iron compounds decrease iron absorption. Adverse Reactions: Rarely, in iron-sensitive patients, mild gastrointestinal upsets may…

MAGNESIUM-ROUGIER Rougier Magnesium Glucoheptonate Magnesium Supplement Indications And Clinical Uses: In hypomagnesemic states: malnutrition, excessive gastrointestinal losses due to severe diarrhea or prolonged vomiting, malabsorption syndrome, liver cirrhosis, diabetic acidosis, chronic alcoholism, electrolyte abnormalities following the use of potent diuretics. Contra-Indications: Renal insufficiency. Precautions: Magnesium forms insoluble chelates with tetracyclines, thus inhibiting antibiotic absorption. Therefore, concomitant administration of magnesium and tetracyclines should be avoided. Administer magnesium cautiously in conjunction with…

MAGNEVIST® Berlex Canada Gadopentetate Dimeglumine Contrast Enhancement Agent for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Gadopentetate dimeglumine was developed as a contrast agent for diagnostic use in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Gadolinium is a rare earth element. Its ion (Gd++ has 7 unpaired electrons and, therefore, shows paramagnetic properties. Gd++has a strong effect on the hydrogen-proton spin-lattice relaxation time (T1), which causes the observed contrast enhancement in MRI…

MACROBID® Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals Nitrofurantoin Monohydrate – Nitrofurantoin Macrocrystals Urinary Tract Antibacterial Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Nitrofurantoin is reduced by bacterial flavoproteins to reactive intermediates which inactivate or alter bacterial ribosomal proteins and other macromolecules. As a result of such inactivations, the vital biochemical processes of protein synthesis, aerobic energy metabolism, DNA synthesis, RNA synthesis and cell wall synthesis are inhibited. The broad-based nature of this mode of action…