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RETIN-A® Janssen-Ortho Tretinoin Comedolytic Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Studies in animals have shown that tretinoin supplies all the physiologic requirements of vitamin A except those needed for vision and reproduction. When animals were fed a diet in which vitamin A was replaced by vitamin A acid, there was no storage in the liver. This suggests that the acid may be the tissue-active form which is important for epithelial growth…

RESTORIL® Novartis Temazepam Hypnotic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: General: Temazepam is a benzodiazepine with hypnotic properties. Benzodiazepines act as depressants of the CNS. It is believed that benzodiazepines enhance or facilitate the effects of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Benzodiazepines act as agonists at the benzodiazepine receptor sites. The benzodiazepine-GABA receptor-chloride ionophore complex functions mainly in the gating of the chloride channel. Benzodiazepines are thought to produce their pharmacological…

RETISOL-A® Stiefel Tretinoin Acne Therapy Action And Clinical Pharmacology: The precise mechanism of action of tretinoin on the skin is not fully understood. It is known that tretinoin is both pharmacologically and structurally related to vitamin A which regulates epithelial cell growth and differentiation. Tretinoin itself is known to have an irritant and keratolytic effect on the skin. These 2 actions which occur simultaneously have been shown histologically in both…

RENEDIL® Hoechst Marion Roussel Felodipine Antihypertensive Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Felodipine is a calcium ion influx inhibitor (calcium channel blocker). Felodipine is a member of the dihydropyridine class of calcium channel blockers. Mechanism of Action: The therapeutic effect of this group of drugs is believed to be related to their specific cellular action of selectively inhibiting transmembrane influx of calcium ions into cardiac muscle and vascular smooth muscle. The…

REOPRO™ Lilly Abciximab Chimeric Monoclonal Antiplatelet Antibody Action And Clinical Pharmacology: General: Abciximab is the Fab fragment of the chimeric monoclonal antibody 7E3. It selectively binds to the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GPIIb/IIIa) receptor located on the surface of human platelets. Abciximab inhibits platelet aggregation by preventing the binding of fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor and other adhesive molecules to GPIIb/IIIa receptor sites on activated platelets. Pharmacokinetics: Following i.v. administration of abciximab, free…

REPLENS® Roberts Polycarbophil Vaginal Moisturizer – Lubricant Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Polycarbophil, the key ingredient, is a bioadhesive polymer which can carry up to 60 times its weight in water. It adheres to the epithelial cells lining the vaginal walls and delivers electrolytes and water. The polymer is detached only upon the shedding of the outer layer of cells or mucin, a normal healthy process which occurs every 2 or…

RECOMBIVAX HB® MSD Hepatitis B Vaccine (Recombinant) Vaccine Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Hepatitis B virus is one of at least 3 hepatitis viruses that cause a systemic infection, with major pathology in the liver. The others are hepatitis A virus, and non-A, non-B hepatitis viruses. Hepatitis B virus is an important cause of viral hepatitis. There is no specific treatment for this disease. The incubation period for type B hepatitis…

REDOXON® Roche Ascorbic Acid Vitamin Indications And Clinical Uses: Prevention and treatment of deficiency of ascorbic acid. Ascorbic acid is essential for the formation of collagen and intercellular material, and hence for the development of cartilage, bone and teeth, and for wound healing. It influences the formation of hemoglobin, erythrocyte maturation, and certain immunological reactions in the body. The reducing properties of ascorbic acid are useful in the treatment of…

RELEFACT® TRH Hoechst Marion Roussel Protirelin Synthetic Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Protirelin stimulates the secretion of pituitary thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). This effect may be used clinically to assess the functional integrity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis by estimating TSH concentrations in the peripheral plasma. In addition to its stimulatory effect on secretion of pituitary TSH, it has been shown that protirelin increases secretion of prolactin. Approximately 65%…

REACTINE™ Pfizer Consumer Cetirizine HCl Histamine H1-Receptor Antagonist Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Cetirizine, a human metabolite of hydroxyzine, is a histamine H1 receptor antagonist anti-allergic compound; its principal effects are mediated via selective inhibition of peripheral H1 receptors. Cetirizine is distinguished from other histamine H1 receptor antagonists by the presence of a carboxylic acid function. This difference may be partly responsible for the selectivity of cetirizine seen in pharmacologic models…