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ORAMORPH SR™ Boehringer Ingelheim Morphine Sulfate Narcotic Analgesic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Morphine is a narcotic analgesic which acts as an agonist at stereospecific and saturable opioid receptors in the CNS and other tissues. In man, morphine produces a variety of effects including analgesia, sedation, changes in mood including euphoria and dysphoria, mental clouding, respiratory depression from reduced responsiveness of the brain stem respiratory centres to CO2, suppression of the…

ORAP® Janssen-Ortho Pimozide Antipsychotic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Pimozide is a diphenylbutylpiperidine derivative with neuroleptic properties that has been found to be useful in the management of chronic schizophrenic patients. It is relatively non-sedating and can be administered in a single daily dosage. It is assumed that the basic mechanism of action of pimozide is related to its action on central aminergic receptors. It appears to have a selective ability…

ORGARAN® Organon Danaparoid Sodium Antithrombotic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Danaparoid is a mixture of low molecular weight sulfated glycosaminoglycuronans derived from porcine intestinal mucosa. It consists of heparan sulfate with low affinity for antithrombin III (AT-III) (about 80%), heparan sulfate with high affinity for AT-III (about 4%), dermatan sulfate (8 to 16%) and chondroitin sulfate. Compared to heparin, danaparoid has a much higher anti-factor Xa/anti-IIa ratio (more than 20:1). Danaparoid…

ORASCAN™ Germiphene Toluidine Blue O Oral Cancer Diagnostic System Indications And Clinical Uses: As an oral cancer diagnostic and to establish borders for biopsy and surgical site selection. Precautions: Any use of OraScan must be done after a visual inspection of the oral cavity, and before any instrumentation of soft tissues. OraScan should be used after a complete head and neck cancer exam. Two types of lesions will stain: squamous…

OPTICROM® Allergan Sodium Cromoglycate Antiallergic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: In the immediate reaction (Type I), the union of antigen with reaginic antibody leads to the formation and release of mediators of the local anaphylactic reaction. The principal effect of sodium cromoglycate is its specific ability to stabilize the membrane of the mast cell and thus prevent the release of mediators of anaphylaxis. The action appears to be specific for reaginic…

vitONE-ALPHA® Leo Alfacalcidol Vitamin D3 Metabolite Action And Clinical Pharmacology: 1a-hydroxyvitamin D3(1a-OHD3) stimulates intestinal calcium and phosphorus absorption, the reabsorption of calcium from bone and possibly the renal reabsorption of calcium. To be effective in disorders resulting from vitamin D deficiency, vitamin D must undergo two metabolic conversions, first in the liver to 25-hydroxyvitamin D and then in the kidney to the physiologically active metabolite, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3). In patients…

OMNISCAN® Nycomed Imaging A.S. Gadodiamide Contrast Enhancement Agent for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Gadodiamide was developed as a contrast agent for diagnostic use in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Gadodiamide is a paramagnetic agent with unpaired electron spins which generate a local magnetic field. As water protons move through this local magnetic field, the changes in magnetic field experienced by the protons reorient them with the main…

ONCASPAR® Rhône-Poulenc Rorer Pegaspargase Antineoplasic Caution: Allergic reactions may occur during therapy with pegaspargase, especially in patients with known hypersensitivity to the other forms of L-asparaginase. In view of the unpredictability of adverse reactions, pegaspargase should be given under the supervision of a physician who is qualified by training and experience to administer cancer chemotherapeutic agents. Pegaspargase has an adverse effect on liver function in some patients. Therapy with pegaspargase…

  ONCOTICE™ Organon Teknika Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), strain TICE Antineoplastic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: The precise mechanism of OncoTICE’s, [Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), strain TICE], antitumor action is unknown; however, it appears to exert a variety of actions. OncoTICE induces a granulomatous reaction at the local site of administration. Activated histiocytes responding to the BCG are able to kill tumor cells. BCG acts as both a specific and a nonspecific immunopotentiating…

OCTOSTIM® Ferring Desmopressin Acetate Antihemorrhagic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Desmopressin is a synthetic structural analogue of the natural human hormone, arginine vasopressin. Desmopressin administration causes a transient increase in all components of the Factor VIII complex (Factor VIII coagulant activity, Factor VIII related antigen, and ristocetin cofactor) and in plasminogen activator. Either directly or indirectly, desmopressin causes these factors to be released very rapidly from their endothelial cell storage sites….