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PNEUMOCOCCAL POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE PNEUMO 23™ Connaught Active Immunizing Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine, Pneumo 23 is a capsular polysaccharide vaccine against disease caused by 23 of the most common types of S. pneumoniae (pneumococcus). Approximately 90% of cases of pneumococcal bacteremia and meningitis are caused by these 23 types. Although the overall incidence of pneumococcal infections in Canada is not known, invasive disease is most common in…

PLASBUMIN®-5 Bayer Albumin (Human) Plasma Substitute/Blood Derivative Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Albumin (human) 5% is oncotically equivalent volume for volume to normal human plasma. When administered i.v. to an adequately hydrated subject, the oncotic (colloid osmotic) effect of Albumin (Human) 5% is to expand the circulating blood volume by an amount approximately equal to the volume infused. It is primarily used in the treatment of shock associated with hemorrhage, surgery,…

PLASBUMIN®-25 Bayer Albumin (Human) Plasma Substitute/Blood Derivative Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Each 20 mL vial of albumin (human) 25% supplies the oncotic equivalent of approximately 100 mL citrated plasma; 50 mL supplies the oncotic equivalent of approximately 250 mL citrated plasma. When administered i.v. to an adequately hydrated subject, the oncotic (colloid osmotic) effect of 20 mL albumin (human) 25% is such that it will draw approximately a further 70…

PHYLLOCONTIN® PHYLLOCONTIN®-350 Purdue Frederick Aminophylline Bronchodilator Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Aminophylline is the ethylenediamine salt of theophylline. The pharmacodynamics of Phyllocontin and Phyllocontin-350 tablets are a function of theophylline blood levels. Theophylline is a xanthine structurally related to theobromine and caffeine. As with other xanthine derivatives, the precise mechanism of action of theophylline has not been determined. Theophylline stimulates the CNS and skeletal muscles, stimulates cardiac muscle, relaxes certain smooth…

PIPORTIL L4® Rh´ne-Poulenc Rorer Pipotiazine Palmitate Antipsychotic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Pipotiazine palmitate is the palmitic ester of pipotiazine, a piperidine phenothiazine with antipsychotic properties and weak sedative activity with prolonged duration of action. The onset of action appears usually within the first 2 to 3 days after injection and the effects of the drug on psychotic symptoms are significant within 1 week. Improvement in symptomatology lasts from 3 to…

PIPRACIL® Wyeth-Ayerst Piperacillin Sodium Antibiotic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Piperacillin is a third-generation, broad-spectrum, semisynthetic penicillin. Piperacillin is bactericidal and exerts its antibacterial action by inhibiting both septum and cell wall synthesis in the bacterial cell. The bactericidal action of b-lactam antibiotics is related to their ability to reach and bind target proteins, the penicillin sensitive enzymes within the cytoplasmic membranes of the bacteria. These enzymes are involved in reactions…

pHisoHex® Sanofi Hexachlorophene Antibacterial – Skin Cleanser Description: pHisoHex is an antibacterial sudsing emulsion. It contains entsufon (sodium octylphenoxyethoxyethyl ether sulfonate), lanolin cholesterols, petrolatum and 3% hexachlorophene on a total weight basis. It is a colloidal dispersion of the active ingredients in a stable emulsion. Entsufon is a synthetic detergent which is effective in many kinds of water – hard or soft, cold or hot – and under acid as…

PHOSPHATE-NOVARTIS Novartis Pharmaceuticals Sodium Acid Phosphate Hypercalciuria – Electrolyte Replenisher Indications And Clinical Uses: Hypercalciuria, electrolyte replenisher. Contra-Indications: Do not use this medication if hyperphosphatemia is present or in the presence of severe impairment of renal function (less than 30% of normal). Manufacturers’ Warnings In Clinical States: Use carefully in patients with cardiac disease treated with digitalis and in conditions where high potassium concentration may be encountered such as: adrenal…

PHOSPHATES SOLUTION Pharmascience Sodium Phosphates Laxative Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Depending on dosage, sodium phosphates oral solution is useful as a laxative in the relief of constipation, or as a bowel evacuant for a variety of diagnostic, surgical and therapeutic indications. Dibasic sodium phosphate and monobasic sodium phosphate are poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and retain water in the lumen of the intestine. When administered orally, they produce a…

PHOTOFRIN® Ligand Porfimer Sodium Antineoplastic Photosensitizing Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Pharmacodynamics: The cytotoxic and antitumor actions of porfimer sodium are light and oxygen dependent. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) with porfimer sodium is a 2 stage process. The first stage is the i.v. injection of porfimer sodium. Clearance from a variety of tissues occurs over 40 to 72 hours; but tumor, skin, and organs of the reticuloendothelial system (including liver and…