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ALLOPURINOL General Monograph, CPhA Xanthine Oxidase Inhibiton This monograph has been compiled by CPhA. It may contain information different from that approved by HPB, Health Canada, and the pharmaceutical manufacturers’ approval has not been requested. Pharmacology: Allopurinol and its active metabolite, oxypurinol, inhibit xanthine oxidase, the enzyme responsible for the conversion of hypoxanthine to xanthine and of xanthine to uric acid. Inhibition of this enzyme accounts for the major pharmacological…

ALOMIDE® Alcon Lodoxamide Tromethamine Anti-allergy Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Lodoxamide, a mast cell stabilizer inhibits the in vivo type I immediate hypersensitivity reaction in animals and man. In vitro studies have demonstrated the ability of lodoxamide to stabilize mast cells and prevent the antigen specific induced release of histamine. In addition, lodoxamide prevents the release of other mast cell inflammatory mediators (i.e., SRS-A, slow reacting substances of anaphylaxis also…

  ALESSE™ 21 ALESSE™ 28 Wyeth-Ayerst Levonorgestrel – Ethinyl Estradiol Oral Contraceptive Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Although the primary mechanism of action is inhibition of ovulation, the effectiveness of Alesse may also result from other mechanisms of action, such as hostility of the cervical mucus to sperm penetration and migration. Indications And Clinical Uses: For conception control. Contra-Indications: History of or actual thrombophlebitis or thromboembolic disorders. History of or actual…

ALFENTA® Janssen-Ortho Alfentanil HCl Opioid Analgesic – Adjunct to Anesthesia Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Alfentanil is a potent opioid analgesic/anesthetic with a rapid onset and short duration of action. The analgesic potency of alfentanil is 1/4 to 1/3 that of fentanyl. Low to moderate doses of alfentanil in short-stay surgical procedures provide good analgesic protection against hemodynamic responses to surgical stress and rapid recovery. Hemodynamic stability and duration of action…

ALIMENTUM® Abbott Infant Feeding Formula Indications And Clinical Uses: A nutritionally complete formula for infants and children with milk and/or soy protein allergy, severe food allergies, colic due to milk sensitivity, select cases of chronic diarrhea or maldigestion/malabsorption. Precautions: Shake very well to assure proper blending. Because of the special nutritional characteristics of Alimentum, it does not look or taste like milk or soy formulations. This is a ready-to-feed formula;…

ALDOMET® Injection ALDOMET® Tablets MSD Methyldopa HCl Methyldopa Antihypertensive Indications And Clinical Uses: The treatment of arterial hypertension. May be employed in a general treatment program in conjunction with a diuretic and/or other antihypertensive drugs as needed for proper response in patients with hypertension of various severity. May be employed as the initial agent in the treatment of hypertension in those patients for which treatment should not be started with…

ALDORIL®-15 ALDORIL®-25 MSD Methyldopa – Hydrochlorothiazide Antihypertensive Action And Clinical Pharmacology: In Aldoril, 2 antihypertensive agents with complementary properties are combined for the treatment of hypertension. Methyldopa: Methyldopa, an antihypertensive agent, is an aromatic-amino-acid decarboxylase inhibitor in animals and in man. Although the mechanism of action has yet to be conclusively demonstrated, the antihypertensive effect of methyldopa probably is due to its metabolism to alpha-methyl-norepinephrine, which then lowers arterial pressure…

ALERTONIC® Hoechst Marion Roussel Pipradrol – Vitamin Compound Indications And Clinical Uses: Short-term use in cases of vitamin B deficiencies accompanied by functional fatigue. Contra-Indications: As with other drugs with CNS stimulating action, pipradrol is contraindicated in hyperactive, agitated, or anxious patients and depressive illness, chorea, or obsessive compulsive states. Precautions: Pregnancy: Although animal reproductive studies have not indicated adverse effects, this drug should not be used during the first…

ALBERT® OXYBUTYNIN Albert Pharma Oxybutynin Chloride Anticholinergic – Antispasmodic Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Oxybutynin is a tertiary amine anticholinergic agent which exerts antimuscarinic as well as direct antispasmodic action on smooth muscle. In vitro studies have shown that its anticholinergic effects are weaker than those of atropine, but it possesses greater antispasmodic activity. No blocking effects occur at skeletal neuromuscular junctions or in autonomic ganglia (no antinicotinic effects). In…

ALBERT® GLYBURIDE Albert Pharma Glyburide Oral Hypoglycemic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: The principal action of glyburide results in an increased insulin release from the beta cells of the pancreas. Other mechanisms leading to a reduction of blood glucose are also believed to be influenced by glyburide. The insertion of an alkylene chain on the benzene nucleus results in a product of very high potency. Schulz and Schmidt indicated that the…