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AMATINE® Knoll Midodrine HCl Vasopressor Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Midodrine is a postsynaptic alpha adrenergic receptor stimulant with little effect on the beta-adrenergic receptors in the heart. The actions of midodrine on the cardiovascular and other organ systems are essentially identical with those of other alpha-adrenergic receptor stimulants, such as phenylephrine or methoxamine. The most prominent effects of midodrine are on the cardiovascular system, consisting of a rise in systolic…

AMERGE® Glaxo Wellcome Naratriptan HCl 5-HT1 Receptor Agonist – Migraine Therapy Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Naratriptan has been demonstrated to be a selective agonist for a vascular 5-hydroxytryptamine1 receptor subtype (probably a member of the 5-HT1B/1D family) with little or no binding affinity for 5-HT2/3 receptor subtypes, alpha1-, alpha2-, or beta-adrenergic; dopamine1; dopamine2; muscarinic; or benzodiazepine receptors. Naratriptan did not exhibit agonist or antagonist activity in ex vivo assays of…

AMETOP™ Smith & Nephew Tetracaine HCl Topical Anesthetic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Tetracaine is a local anesthetic of the ester type (para-amino benzoic acid derivative). Ametop has been formulated as the free base to allow the tetracaine to diffuse across the skin barrier and reach the pain receptors (nociceptors) located just below the stratum corneum. It acts by inhibiting sodium ion flux across the axon membrane thus preventing the nociceptors…

AMICAR® Wyeth-Ayerst Epsilon Aminocaproic Acid Antifibrinolytic Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Epsilon aminocaproic acid is a monoaminocarboxylic acid which acts as an effective inhibitor of fibrinolysis. The beneficial fibrinolysis-inhibitory effects of aminocaproic acid appear to be principally via inhibition of plasminogen activator substances and to a lesser degree, through antiplasmin activity. The drug is absorbed rapidly following oral administration. Whether administered by the oral or i.v. route, a major portion…

ALSOY™ Nestl©, Carnation Soy Infant Formula Indications And Clinical Uses: A nutritionally complete iron fortified soya brand formula for routine feeding of infants from birth if breast-feeding is not an option or if a supplement is required. For milk-free feeding if a soy supplement is required. Dosage And Administration: As determined by the individual infant’s needs for the first year of life. Consult the physician for specific feeding recommendations. Preparation:…

ALPHAGAN™ Allergan Brimonidine Tartrate Elevated Intraocular Pressure Therapy Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Mechanism of Action: Brimonidine is a relatively selective alpha adrenergic receptor agonist that in radioligand binding assays and in functional assays, is approximately 1 000 times more selective for the alpha-2 adrenoceptor than the alpha-1 adrenoceptor. This selectivity results in the absence of vasoconstriction in microvessels associated with human retinal xenografts. Topical administration of brimonidine decreases intraocular pressure…

ALUPENT® Preparations Boehringer Ingelheim Orciprenaline Sulfate Bronchodilator Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Orciprenaline is a bronchodilating agent. The bronchospasm associated with various pulmonary diseases – chronic bronchitis, pulmonary emphysema, bronchial asthma, silicosis, tuberculosis, sarcoidosis and carcinoma of the lung, has been successfully reversed by therapy with orciprenaline. Orciprenaline has the following major characteristics: The action of orciprenaline is one of beta stimulation. Receptor sites in the bronchi and bronchioles are more…

ALTACE® Hoechst Marion Roussel Ramipril Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Ramipril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, which is used in the treatment of essential hypertension, and following acute myocardial infarction in stabilized patients with clinically confirmed heart failure. Following oral administration, ramipril is rapidly hydrolyzed to ramiprilat, its principal active metabolite. Angiotensin-converting enzyme catalyzes the conversion of angiotensin I to the vasoconstrictor substance, angiotensin II. Angiotensin…

ALLEGRA™ Hoechst Marion Roussel Fexofenadine HCl Histamine H1-Receptor Antagonist Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Fexofenadine, the predominant human and animal active metabolite of terfenadine, is a selective histamine H1-receptor antagonist. In laboratory animals, there is no evidence of local anesthetic, analgesic, anticonvulsant, antidepressant, antidopaminergic, antiserotonergic, anticholinergic, sedative, H2-receptor antagonist, or a1-adrenergic receptor blocking activity. Fexofenadine inhibits antigen-induced bronchospasm in sensitized guinea pigs and histamine release from peritoneal mast cells of the…

ALKERAN® Glaxo Wellcome Melphalan Antineoplastic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Melphalan is an alkylating agent of the bischloroethylamine type. As a result, its cytotoxicity appears to be related to the extent of its interstrand cross-linking with DNA, probably by binding at the Nposition of guanine. Like other bifunctional alkylating agents, it is active against both resting and rapidly dividing tumor cells. Pharmacokinetics: The pharmacokinetics of melphalan after i.v. administration have been…