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DUOVENT® UDV Boehringer Ingelheim Ipratropium Bromide – Fenoterol Hydrobromide Bronchodilator Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Duovent UDV inhalation solution is a combination of the anticholinergic bronchodilator ipratropium bromide and the beta2-adrenergic bronchodilator fenoterol hydrobromide. Ipratropium is a quaternary ammonium derivative of atropine and is an anticholinergic drug which has bronchodilator properties. On inhalation of ipratropium the onset of action is noted within 5 to 15 minutes with a peak response between…

DUPHALAC® Solvay Pharma Lactulose Crystals Laxative Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Experimental data indicate that lactulose is not significantly absorbed in the small intestine and reaches the colon essentially unchanged. There it is metabolized by bacteria with the formation of low molecular weight acids that acidify the colonic contents. Less than 2% of lactulose is absorbed systemically. Two mechanisms are believed to be involved in the laxative action of lactulose: 1)…

DRIXORAL® DAY/NIGHT Cold Relief System Schering Dexbrompheniramine – Pseudoephedrine Sulfate Antihistamine – Decongestant Indications And Clinical Uses: Symptomatic relief of upper respiratory mucosal congestion in seasonal and perennial nasal allergies, acute rhinitis and rhinosinusitis, acute and subacute sinusitis, eustachian tube blockage and secretory otitis media. Contra-Indications: Patients receiving or having received MAO inhibitors in the preceding 2 weeks; known hypersensitivity to pressor amines or antihistamines. Precautions: Although pseudoephedrine causes practically…

DRIXORAL® NASAL SOLUTION Schering Oxymetazoline HCl Nasal Decongestant Indications And Clinical Uses: The relief of congestion of the nasopharyngeal mucous membranes in a variety of allergic and infectious disorders of the upper respiratory tract, including acute rhinitis and nasopharyngitis; acute and chronic sinusitis; acute and chronic vasomotor rhinitis; perennial allergic rhinitis and seasonal allergic rhinitis (hay fever). Contra-Indications: Narrow angle glaucoma, rhinitis sicca. Concurrent therapy with MAO inhibitors. Hypersensitivity to…

DTIC® Bayer Dacarbazine Antineoplastic Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Although dacarbazine’s exact mechanism of action is not known, 3 hypotheses have been offered: 1. inhibition of DNA synthesis by acting as a purine analog. 2. action as an alkylating agent. 3. interaction with SH groups. Dacarbazine is only slightly (approximately 5%) protein bound. Its plasma half-life after i.v. administration is approximately 35 minutes. In animals, approximately 46% of a radio…

DRISTAN® SINUS Whitehall-Robins Ibuprofen – Pseudoephedrine HCl Analgesic – Antipyretic – Nasal Decongestant Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Ibuprofen has exhibited analgesic and antipyretic activity in animal studies designed to specifically demonstrate these effects. Ibuprofen has been shown to have no glucocorticoid-like activity. Pseudoephedrine is an orally effective nasal decongestant when administered in doses of 60 mg/dose, up to 240 mg/day. In order to comply with the flexible dosing schedule approved…

DRIXORAL® DRIXTAB® Schering Dexbrompheniramine Maleate – Pseudoephedrine Sulfate Antihistamine – Decongestant Indications And Clinical Uses: Symptomatic relief of upper respiratory mucosal congestion in seasonal and perennial nasal allergies, acute rhinitis and rhinosinusitis, acute and subacute sinusitis, eustachian tube blockage and secretory otitis media. Contra-Indications: Patients receiving or having received MAO inhibitors in the preceding 2 weeks; known hypersensitivity to pressor amines or antihistamines. Children under 12 years of age (sustained…

COREG™ SmithKline Beecham Carvedilol Congestive Heart Failure Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Carvedilol is a cardiovascular agent for the treatment of CHF that combines beta-adrenoceptor blockade and vasodilation in a single racemic mixture. Nonselective beta-adrenoceptor blocking activity is present in the S(-) enantiomer and alpha 1-adrenoceptor blocking activity is present at equal potency in both the R(+) and S(-) enantiomers. Carvedilol has no intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. Its action on beta-receptors…

  CORGARD® Squibb Nadolol Antianginal – Antihypertensive Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Nadolol is a noncardioselective beta-adrenergic blocking agent. It does not possess membrane stabilizing or intrinsic sympathomimetic (partial agonist) activities. The exact mechanism by which the drug exercises its anti-anginal effect is not certain. An important factor may be the reduction of myocardial oxygen requirements by blocking catecholamine-induced increases in heart rate, systolic blood pressure and the velocity and…

CORICIDIN® Cold Tablets Schering Chlorpheniramine – ASA Compound Antihistaminic – Antipyretic – Analgesic Indications And Clinical Uses: For relief of cold and flu symptoms, fever, aches and pains, accompanying a cold, relief of simple headache. Contra-Indications: Sensitivity to any of the components. Precautions: Since the depressant effects of antihistamines are additive to those of other drugs affecting the CNS, patients should be cautioned against drinking alcoholic beverages or taking hypnotics,…