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DALACIN® C PHOSPHATE STERILE SOLUTION Pharmacia & Upjohn Clindamycin Phosphate Antibiotic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Following parenteral administration, biologically inactive clindamycin phosphate is rapidly hydrolyzed in plasma to active clindamycin. Clindamycin exerts its antibacterial effect by binding to the 50 S ribosomal subunit of susceptible bacteria, causing a reduction in the rate of synthesis of nucleic acid, and cessation of protein synthesis. Clindamycin is primarily bacteriostatic, but may be bactericidal…

DALACIN® T TOPICAL SOLUTION Pharmacia & Upjohn Clindamycin Phosphate Antibiotic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Clindamycin phosphate is inactive in vitro but in vivo hydrolysis converts this compound to the antibacterially active clindamycin. Clindamycin has been shown to have in vitro activity against isolates of P. acnes which may account for its usefulness in acne. Clindamycin activity has been demonstrated in serum, urine and in comedonal extracts from acne patients. The…

DALACIN® VAGINAL CREAM Pharmacia & Upjohn Clindamycin Phosphate Antibacterial Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Although clindamycin phosphate is inactive in vitro, in vivo hydrolysis converts this compound to the antibacterially-active clindamycin. Clindamycin inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by its action at the bacterial ribosome. The antibiotic preferentially binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit, and affects the process of peptide chain initiation. Clindamycin may inhibit the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA or inhibit the translocation…

DUVOID® Roberts Bethanechol Chloride Parasympathomimetic Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Bethanechol acts principally by producing the effects of stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system. It increases the tone of the detrusor urinae muscle, usually producing a contraction sufficiently strong to initiate micturition and empty the bladder. It stimulates gastric motility, increases gastric tone, and often restores rhythmic peristalsis. Stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system releases acetylcholine at the nerve endings….

DYAZIDE® SmithKline Beecham Triamterene – Hydrochlorothiazide Diuretic – Antihypertensive Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Dyazide is a combination of 2 diuretics with different but complementary modes of action. Diuretic activity following a single dose is evident within the first hour, reaches a peak at 2 to 3 hours, and tapers off during the subsequent 7 to 9 hours. Because of the potassium-conserving effect of its triamterene component, Dyazide reduces the risk…

DYRENIUM® SmithKline Beecham Triamterene Diuretic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Triamterene exerts its diuretic effect on the distal renal tubule to inhibit the reabsorption of sodium in exchange for potassium and hydrogen ions. This natriuretic activity is limited by the amount of sodium reaching its site of action. Although triamterene blocks the increase in this exchange, which is stimulated by mineralocorticoids (chiefly aldosterone), its action takes place through a direct effect…

DURAGESIC® Janssen-Ortho Fentanyl Opioid Analgesic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Fentanyl is an opioid analgesic which interacts predominantly with the opioid receptor. Fentanyl produces analgesia, sedation, respiratory depression, constipation, and physical dependence but appears to have less emetic activity than other opioid analgesics. Fentanyl may produce muscle rigidity, miosis, cough reflex suppression, alterations in mood, bradycardia and broncho-constriction. Analgesic blood levels of fentanyl may cause nausea and vomiting directly by stimulating…

DURALITH® Janssen-Ortho Lithium Carbonate Antimanic Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Although lithium is useful for its antimanic effect and in preventing relapses in patients with a clearcut diagnosis of bipolar affective disorder, it has very little, if any, direct effect on moods, normal or abnormal. Lithium alters sodium transport in nerve and muscle cells, effects a shift toward intraneuronal metabolism of catecholamines and has an inhibitory action on the intracellular…

DURICEF™ Bristol Cefadroxil Antibiotic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Cefadroxil is a cephalosporin with bactericidal activity. In vitro studies have shown that the antibacterial activity of the cephalosporins results from their ability to inhibit mucopeptide synthesis in the bacterial cell wall. Pharmacokinetics: Cefadroxil is well absorbed following oral administration with 93% of a 500 mg dose being recovered unchanged in the urine after 24 hours. Absorption of cefadroxil from the gastrointestinal…

DULCOLAX® Boehringer Ingelheim Self Medication Division Bisacodyl Laxative Indications And Clinical Uses: For the treatment of occasional constipation. In the preparation for diagnostic procedures, in pre- and postoperative treatment, and in conditions which require defecation to be facilitated, the use of bisacodyl must be under medical supervision. Contra-Indications: In patients with ileus, intestinal obstruction, acute surgical abdominal conditions like acute appendicitis, acute inflammatory bowel diseases, and in severe dehydration. Bisacodyl…