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DECADRON® Phosphate Injection MSD Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate Corticosteroid Indications And Clinical Uses: By i.v. or i.m. injection when oral therapy is not feasible: Adrenocortical Insufficiency: Dexamethasone sodium phosphate injection has predominantly glucocorticoid activity with low mineralocorticoid activity. Therefore, it does not offer complete replacement therapy, and its use must be supplemented with salt and/or desoxycorticosterone. When so supplemented, dexamethasone sodium phosphate injection is indicated in the impairment of all adrenocortical…

DAUNOXOME® NeXstar Liposomal Daunorubicin Antineoplastic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: DaunoXome is a liposomal preparation of daunorubicin formulated to selectively target daunorubicin to solid tumors in situ. While in the circulation, this formulation protects the entrapped daunorubicin from chemical and enzymatic degradation, minimizes protein binding, and generally decreases uptake by normal tissues, as well as by the non-reticuloendothelial system. The specific mechanism by which DaunoXome is able to deliver daunorubicin to…

DARVON-N® Lilly Propoxyphene Napsylate Analgesic Indications And Clinical Uses: For the relief of mild to moderate pain alone or when it is accompanied by fever. Contra-Indications: Hypersensitivity to any of the components Manufacturers’ Warnings In Clinical States: Do not prescribe propoxyphene for patients who are suicidal or addiction-prone. Prescribe propoxyphene with caution for patients taking tranquilizers or antidepressant drugs and patients who use alcohol in excess. Tell your patients not…

DAYPRO™ Searle Oxaprozin Anti-inflammatory – Analgesic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Oxaprozin is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties. The modes of action of oxaprozin, like that of other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, are not fully established. It is known, however, that it does inhibit prostaglandin synthesis. Pharmacokinetics: Oxaprozin is almost completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, with peak plasma levels attained 2 to 4 hours after administration. The…

DDAVP® INJECTION Ferring Desmopressin Acetate Antidiuretic Hormone Analogue Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Desmopressin is a synthetic structural analogue of the natural human hormone, arginine vasopressin. As such, it exerts its action on the reabsorption of water in the renal tubule. It also causes a transient increase in all components of the Factor VIII complex and plasminogen activator. These are released very rapidly from their endothelial cell storage sites. Moreover, it…

DALMANE® Roche Flurazepam HCl Hypnotic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Flurazepam, a benzodiazepine derivative, is a hypnotic agent which does not appear to decrease dream time as measured by rapid eye movements (REM). Flurazepam decreases sleep latency and number of awakenings for a consequent increase in total sleep time. The duration of hypnotic effect and the profile of unwanted effects may be influenced by the alpha (distribution) and beta (elimination) half-lives…

DANTRIUM® CAPSULES Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals Dantrolene Sodium Skeletal Muscle Relaxant Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Recordings of muscle tensions and electrical activity in both animal and man suggest that dantrolene has a direct inhibitory effect on the development of contractile tension. Spastic patients receiving dantrolene have shown a 40 to 70% reduction in the skeletal muscle tension induced by direct electrical stimulation of the motor nerve with no alteration of…

DANTRIUM® INTRAVENOUS Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals Dantrolene Sodium Management of Malignant Hyperthermia Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Dantrolene is a muscle relaxant acting specifically on skeletal muscles. In isolated muscle preparations, dantrolene uncouples the excitation and contraction of skeletal muscles, probably by interfering with the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. In the anesthetic induced malignant hyperthermia syndrome, evidence points to a predisposing intrinsic abnormality of muscle tissue. In affected…

DARAPRIM® Glaxo Wellcome Pyrimethamine Antimalarial Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Pyrimethamine is a folic acid antagonist and the rationale for its therapeutic action is based on the differential requirement between host and parasite for nucleic acid precursors involved in growth. This activity is highly selective against plasmodia and Toxoplasma gondii. Pyrimethamine does not destroy gametocytes, but arrests sporogony in the mosquito. Peak plasma levels are found between 2 and 4 hours…

DALACIN® C Pharmacia & Upjohn Clindamycin HCl Antibiotic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Clindamycin exerts its antibacterial effect by causing cessation of protein synthesis and also causing a reduction in the rate of synthesis of nucleic acids. In vitro studies indicate that clindamycin has antibacterial activity against sensitive gram-positive organisms. The spectrum of activity includes staphylococci (including penicillinase-producing and methicillin resistant strains), hemolytic streptococci, S. viridans and S. pneumoniae. In addition,…