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ESTRADERM® Novartis Pharmaceuticals Estradiol-17b Estrogen Description: Estraderm is a thin, round, multilayer, transparent transdermal therapeutic system, i.e., an adhesive patch, containing estradiol-17b that is designed for application to an area of intact skin. The Estraderm patch comprises 5 layers. Proceeding from the visible surface toward the surface attached to the skin, these layers are: 1. a transparent polyester backing film; 2. a drug reservoir of estradiol-17b and ethanol gelled with…

ESTRING® Pharmacia & Upjohn Estradiol Estrogen Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Estring is a slightly opaque ring with a whitish core containing a drug reservoir of 2 mg estradiol. Estradiol, silicone polymers and barium sulfate are combined to form the ring. When placed in the vagina, Estring releases estradiol, approximately 7.5 g/24 hours, in a consistent stable manner over 90 days. Estring has the following dimensions: outer diameter 55 mm; cross-sectional…

ERGOMAR® Rhône-Poulenc Rorer Ergotamine Tartrate Migraine Therapy Action And Clinical Pharmacology: The pharmacological properties of ergotamine are extremely complex; some of its actions are unrelated to each other, and even mutually antagonistic. Ergotamine: Has partial agonist and/or antagonist activity against tryptaminergic, dopaminergic and alpha adrenergic receptors depending upon their site; is a highly active uterine stimulant; it causes constriction of peripheral and cranial blood vessels and produces depression of central…

ERYC® Parke-Davis Erythromycin Antibiotic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Erythromycin exerts its antibacterial action by binding with the 50S ribosomal subunit of the organism, inhibiting peptide bond formation and protein synthesis within the cell. The activity is bacteriostatic or bactericidal depending on concentration. tag_IndicationsIndications Indications And Clinical Uses: For the treatment of the following infections caused by susceptible strains of the designated microorganisms. Upper Respiratory Tract Infections: Those of mild to…

ERYSOL® Stiefel Erythromycin – Ethyl Alcohol Topical Acne Therapy Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Erythromycin exerts its antibacterial action by binding to the 50s ribosomal subunit of susceptible bacteria and suppressing protein synthesis. Erythromycin is usually bacteriostatic but may be bactericidal in high concentrations or against highly susceptible organisms. The precise mechanism of action of erythromycin in the treatment of acne has not been established. Ethyl alcohol is a drying and…

ESTINYL® Schering Ethinyl Estradiol Estrogen Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Ethinyl estradiol promotes growth of the endometrium; promotes thickening, stratification and cornification of the vagina. It causes enlargement of the ducts of the mammary glands and promotes the development of secondary female sex characteristics. Ethinyl estradiol inhibits pituitary gonadotropin secretion probably via action on the hypothalamus. Similar to other estrogens it influences calcium and phosphorus metabolism, possesses some anabolic action on…

EPIVAL® EPIJECT® I.V. Abbott Divalproex Sodium Valproic Acid Anticonvulsant Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Divalproex has anticonvulsant properties, and is chemically related to valproic acid. Divalproex dissociates to the valproate ion in the gastrointestinal tract. Although its mechanism of action has not yet been established, it has been suggested that its activity in epilepsy is related to increased brain concentrations of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). The effect on the neuronal membrane is…

EPREX® Janssen-Ortho Epoetin Alfa Erythropoiesis Regulating Hormone Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Erythropoietin is a glycoprotein which stimulates red blood cell production. It is produced in the kidney and stimulates the division and differentiation of committed erythroid progenitors in the bone marrow. Epoetin alfa is a 165 amino acid glycoprotein manufactured by recombinant DNA technology. It has a molecular weight of 30 400 daltons and is produced by mammalian cells into…

ERGAMISOL® Janssen-Ortho Levamisole HCl Immunomodulator Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Levamisole is capable of restoring impaired immune responses preferentially of the cell mediated type in compromised hosts. Therapeutic doses of levamisole restore to normal the functions of monocytes (phagocytes) and T lymphocytes but do not directly influence B cells. Levamisole is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract following a single oral ingestion of 150 mg. In patients with neoplastic disease, a…

ENTROPHEN® Johnson & Johnson• Merck ASA Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory – Analgesic – Platelet Aggregation Inhibitor Action And Clinical Pharmacology: ASA has analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory properties. In rheumatic diseases, although the analgesic and antipyretic effects are useful, the major purpose for which ASA is used is to reduce the intensity of the inflammatory process. Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis may be involved in the anti-inflammatory action of ASA. ASA also alters platelet…